AT&T “Don’t text while driving” Essay

This deadly Combination is brought to a heart wrenching point in the YouTube video called â€Å"Don’t text while driving† is also a campaign started by AT&T in 2010 â€Å"It can wait†. Everyday people are killed in car accidents. Motor vehicles are responsible for the lives of many innocent drivers and passengers on the road. A common reason responsible for these accidents involve texting while driving. Texting and driving projects horrific accidents whose consequences can be fatal and life changing. AT&T supports drivers to not text and drive on the road through their â€Å"Don’t text while driving† advertisements. In one of the short stories, a young man suffers from brain damage as a consequence to the text message â€Å"Where r† he was sending while operating a motor vehicle. Another one of AT&T’s short stories personifies a sister of a texting and driving victim. AT&T’s video sets a sympathetic mood, uses trustworthy spokespersons and uses style in textual information to appeal to the audience while convincing viewers to not text and drive. AT&T’s â€Å"Don’t text while driving† video establishes a relatable mood highlighted by the setting of the stories. Opening this powerful video is Missouri State Officer Grant Hendrix, he was the first responder on the scene of Mariah West’s fatal accident. He describes her physical disfigurement from her car violently colliding with a freeway barrier. Getting choked up Officer Hendrix then says, â€Å"it’s funny the first thing I noticed about her was her shoes lying in the roadway in a large pool blood I noticed her shoes and I thought this is a young girl, that’s the first thing I thought when I saw this girl and at that point is why I noticed her cap and gown was still in her car and that she was going to graduate the next day this was just a really ho rrific seen all because of a senseless text message† (0:54) Seeing a veteran officer get emotional, even admitting he sees these sorts of things often makes a powerful statement. Near the end of the video he making a poignant statement saying, â€Å"She paid the ultimate  price for her life I’ve had to do this more than once she was not the only victim that I have dealt with and it never gets any easier and it won’t get any easier was it worth it losing your life over that text message†(7:18) In the â€Å"Yeah† story with the sister of a victim, the setting is in the comfort of a home. Audiences can relate to the setting because almost everyone has or strives to have a place to call home. Ashley, the sister of a texting a driving victim, can no longer be at comfort in her own home without her sister. Knowing she sent the text message that caused the death of her sister is something she finds difficult overlook. In contrast, the â€Å"Where r† commercial ends with a young man in a rehabilitation center. He sits in the middle of the clinic holding a sign of the text that changed his life. Surrounding him is a wheel chair, exercise balls, and building blocks meant for children. The setting portrays his new life learning how to function in order to have a normal life again. In both cases, the setting appeals to pathos but in contrasting ways. The audience can relate to both situations by having a place to call home and what the consequences of texting a driving would be if one’s life was changed forever. The relaxed familiarity of a home can quickly change the mood of an audience after a traumatic experience. Additionally, a rehabilitation clinic is not an ideal place for a person to want to spend the rest of his or her life. Pathos is seen in these advertisements by connecting to the audience’s emotions. The setting evokes feelings of sympathy with the audience to create a relatable mood. Not only does the setting persuade audiences to not text and drive, the speakers presented in the commercials are credible and trustworthy. AT&T has respectfully not hired actors to speak about the hazards of texting and driving in their commercials. Instead they use real people who have personal knowledge and experience of the effects of texting a driving. AT&T effectively uses ethos by getting the audience to identify with the spokesperson. They are normal citizens whose lives were completely changed because of a text message. The sister in the â€Å"Yeah† story Ashley, tells of her sister saying how funny she was and how her sister was always texting her. One could tell they had a strong relationship before it was destroyed by the fatal car accident. Likewise, by just listening to the man with brain damage talk, the audience sympathizes with him. As he struggles to put on a  shirt, we see the physical effects the accident has taken on him. This video also strongly appeals to pathos because it makes the audience pity the speakers. An emotional connection is made by the audience and the speakers in these advertisements. With that said, AT&T addresses the problem of texting and driving through ethos and pathos presented by the commercial’s speakers. Along with identifying with the speakers, AT&T’s â€Å"Don’t text while driving† video portrays a unique style to convince the audience to not text and drive. For example, after the speaker tells his or her story, a blank white screen appears with the individual text message in bold, black letters. The bland screen with opposite colors proposes a straightforward persuasion technique that forces the audience to focus on the screen and the message being presented. These simple approaches appeal to pathos because each holds a strong message that stimulates the audiences’ emotions. At the end of the video, AT&T provides source information from Virginia Tech Institute dated from the year 2009. â€Å"Studies show that you are 23 times more likely to be involved in an accident when texting and driving†. (8:21) All of the textual information presented in the advertisement depicts pathos. AT&T constructs a reasonable argument of not texting and driving through the style demonstrated throughout the video. Indeed, texting and driving is a rising problem in society. Many lives are taken or even changed forever because of this selfless act. More people need to be informed of the consequences of texting and driving, and AT&T did just that. AT&T’s â€Å"Don’t text while driving† video convinces viewers to not text and drive through their many persuasive techniques. The commercials not only stimulate the audiences’ perspective, they effectively use visual stimuli to present and desist drivers from texting and driving. In light of the speakers’ credibility, ethos is present in the video as well. The settings, moods, speakers, and style all contribute to the persuasion of an audience in this video. AT&T not only sells cell phones, the company took it upon themselves to present a problem caused by cell phones. AT&T has the ability to engage an audience while promoting a cause and advertising their cell phone company in their â€Å"Don’t text while driving† video. On a personal note I have found myself guilty of doing this from time to time, I am ashamed to admit it but it’s true. I don’t believe anyone should be texting while driving, but how do I argue against something I am guilty of myself?  Do I use the old adage â€Å"do as I say, not as I do†? That seems very hypocritical, but after watching this video I have to say stop and think before picking up that phone while driving. It moved me the most seeing the sister Ashley wrought with guilt over her sister’s death. This was the most powerful for me, having lost someone I too felt guilty over losing it stamped AT&T’s message right in my heart. Lisa Walsh

Article Review of “Fat and Happy” Essay

In â€Å"Fat and Happy: In Defense of Fat Acceptance,† Mary Ray Worley offers a poignant account of her participation in a conference held by the National Association to Advance Fat Acceptance. She compares attending this conference with visiting another planet. Until she had the opportunity to visit this other planet, she had not realized just how ostracized she felt. (Worley, element 1). Her participation in this conference made her realize that â€Å"20th century American society† (Worley, element 4) is very much responsible for the shame that she and other overweight individuals have been made to feel. While there are several aspects of society that contribute to the alienation of individuals who are overweight, Worley suggests that the medical field bears a great deal of the responsibility: â€Å"Although the data gathered for most current studies indicate that body size is primarily determined by one’s genetic makeup, most researchers conclude–in spite of their own findings–that fat individuals should try to lose weight anyway† (Worley, element 3). She than goes on to argue that oftentimes attempts to diet only result in more weight gain. Worley marvels that â€Å"apparently [scientists] cannot bring themselves to say that since body size is largely a result of one’s genetic makeup it’s best to get on with the business of learning to live in the body you have, whatever its size† (Worley, element 5). She also claims that doctors often make the situation worse: â€Å"Regardless of the ailment†¦your doctor may put you on a diet before she treats your cough† (Worley, element 6). I believe that Worley makes a good point regarding the medical profession, but there is indeed a great deal of research that links obesity with increased heart problems among other things, which Worley ignores in this essay. In her uplifting conclusion, Worley encourages overweight individuals to love their bodies despite what society may say about them. You’re entitled to the space you take up. You can find clothes that show off the gorgeous person you are, you can play and dance without self-consciousness, you can be proud of yourself and never dread unwanted attention, you can be a brave pioneer and a friend to those who have suffered on planets less kind and less joyous than this one (Worley, element 2). In light of the many forces that are stacked against overweight individuals in our society, Worley’s words of encouragement are astute and empowering.

Benefits and costs of foreign direct Investment

Benefits and costs of foreign direct Investment Foreign direct investment (FDI) according to Hill(2007) takes place when a firm invests directly in facilities to produce and/or market a product in a foreign country. The facilities could include resources such as the factors of production; land, labour and capital. It could be said today’s major players in business seek not only to expand their territories in their home market but also have through FDI sought effective ways of improving existing products and breaking into new foreign markets. For example the import tariffs in China make it very challenging for other countries to serve the Chinese market through exports. Hill (2007). Via the use of FDI strategies foreign organisations are able to access pool of economic possibilities. Through the assessment of various sources the essay is going to critically assess the impacts of foreign direct investment (FDI) on a host country. It will critically discuss the benefits and disadvantages FDI has on the growth of a country. Ac cording to Gorg and Greenway (2004) foreign direct investment is a key driver of economic growth and development. FDI assists in the economic progression of the country where the investment is being made. According to Mencinger (2003), a vast number of countries through various ways desperately seek to attract as much foreign direct investment as probable in the hope of advancing their economic growth. The economic growth could be advanced in that FDI leads to the creation of factors such as jobs and more investment into the economy. However it could be argued that the efficient adoption of FDI is most effective under certain conditions. For instance FDI contributes to economic growth only when a sufficient absorptive capability of the advanced technologies is available in the host country. Borensztein, Gregorio and Lee (1998). FDI strategy is more successful if it is carried out in economically developing countries. Developing host countries compared to developed countries are usua lly more keen to attract foreign investments in order to reap the benefits that come with it and this usually reflected in the legislation of one’s country. One could find that a business is more willing to first invest in a developing country as the legislation is more lenient compared to the first world countries. However it is important to note that this does not apply to all countries. China for example has a highly regulated environment, which can prove to be difficult when it comes to carrying out business transactions, and shifting tax and regulatory regimes. Hill(2007). It could be said that when making legislation those in power should regard the relative impact of the laws passed on potential FDI. On the other hand one could argue that more countries are becoming more aware of the importance of creating more favourable conditions for FDI. Gorg and Greenway in their report state that in 1998 legislation changes made by 60 countries, more than 90 percent of those chan ges created a more positive environment for FDI. FDI if managed efficiently should aid to the hosts county’s economic development. â€Å"FDI inflows have been a major source of investment and economic growth in China†¦accounting for perhaps as much as 30 percent of the county’s growth.†(Hill, page 242, 2007). The mixture of cheap labour and tax incentives usually found in developing countries make an attractive base for foreign investors. The new economic investment brought in by foreign businesses will help in increasing the host country’s national income, at the same time bringing other economic benefits known as spillovers that will result in the increase of productivity within the country. Gorg states that, â€Å"†¦theoretical literature identifies four channels through which spillovers might boost productivity in the host country: imitation, skills acquisition, competition and exports.† These channels if recognised and implemented pr operly could lead to the increase of the host country’s productivity and economic growth. Through the imitation of foreign goods, services and processes the host country can increasing improve its processes, facilities and the way business is contacted in its own business environment. One of the worries for many foreign investors when wanting to invest in developing countries is that the host country will not have the facilities ( for example the equipment or the right business structure for the manufacturing and deploying of products) they need in order for business affairs to run smoothly. Through the imitation of the way foreign organisations handle their business affairs, host countries can improve their processes and facilities, arguably to the extent that they will make their country enticing to FDI. Imitation of products will improve the quality and range of products of the local organisations, making them competitive an appealing to customers. The increase of the prod uctivity of more high quality products could lead to the attraction of not only local customers but global customers and this could also lead to more FDI in the host country.

Genetic Engineering Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Genetic Engineering - Research Paper Example Genetic engineering has been used to develop GM foods for human and animal consumption. Contrary to what the proponents of GE present to consumers, these foods are harmful and dangerous. There are various health risks associated with GM foods, both in the long term and the short term. The potential effects of GM foods on human and animal health result from the increased intake of ant-nutrients, the transfer of antibiotic resistant genes and use of viral DNA in plants (Dona & Arvanitoyannis, 165). For example, the introduction of a new gene can cause an increase of the anti-nutrients, and when such products are consumed, drug resistant genes can be transferred to humans (Dona & Arvanitoyannis, 165). There have been reported deaths as a result of GM foods. In 1989, many Americans died and thousands others impaired when they consumed the genetically modified supplement L-tryptophan which caused an ailment referred to as Eosinophilia myalgia syndrome (EMS) (Batalion, 11). In addition, pe ople have suffered near deaths and allergic reactions after consuming GM foods. In 1996, Pioneer Hi-Bred Company used Brazil nut genes to increase protein methionine in soybeans. Unfortunately, many people suffered allergies after consuming the soybeans (Batalion, 11). Furthermore, certain GM foods are known to increase cancer cases (Pusztai & Bardocz, 12). For instance, the GH protein hormone is injected in cows to increase the production of milk. However, the genetically modified version, rBGH, has been known to increase IGF-1, which is a potent chemical hormone that is associated with breast and colorectal cancer (Batalion, 12). Although proponents of GM foods and products have argued that these products are not harmful to human health, studies reveal that such claims are false. For example, Bt corn and Bt cotton plants, which are genetically modified, contain Bt-toxins which exert toxicity to human cells. According to a report by

Week 7 lab on human bones Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Week 7 on human bones - Lab Report Example Locate the spine and palpate along the edges with the subject recumbent, bony prominences would be felt. Easier in children and lean males (Sinnatamby). C7: relatively harder to locate and palpate, easier in adult, lean males, feels as the most prominent cervical spinous process, differentiated from C6 by its movement upon extension of the head (Sinnatamby). Curves of the spine: easy to locate and palpate in children and lean males, with the subject standing erect. Just following the spine would reveal its curves in the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal regions, the last two regions being harder to locate and palpate (Drake, Vogl, and Mitchell). Several ribs: the upper ribs are easier to locate in males than in females, and overall easier to locate in lean people. They feel as bony arches alternating with shallow depressions (Moore). The sternocostal junction: once the sternum is located, the sternocostal junction is easy to locate by palpating at the edge of the body of the sternum, easier in lean males (Sinnatamby). Posterior to anterior palpation of ribs: relatively difficult to palpate individual ribs posteriorly than anteriorly. Easier in lean males. Start from the sides of the thorax and palpate along the arches till the body of the sternum (Drake, Vogl, and Mitchell). The 12th rib: relatively hard to locate. First locate the xiphoid process which is hard to palpate itself, then move along the edge to the hanging ribs. Tender in children. Much easier to locate in lean males (Moore). Jugular notch on manubrium: easier to locate, felt as a dip or a notch medially at the junction of the two clavicles. Easier in

CRIMINOLOGY Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

CRIMINOLOGY - Research Paper Example The Asian and African states blame the USA, Australia and Europe for creating a single mother society by allowing unchecked and unrestrained sexual activities, extra marital relationships and gay marriages. The girls in Europe, USA and Australia, Mendle et al (2009) observe, become victims of rape, perversion and other environmental influences, and thus enter their sexual life at a very young age subsequently. However, the Gulf countries forget to examine the most perturbed state of affairs being observed in their own lands, where the people are exploited and raped secretly with the support of law enforcing agencies. Not only this that tracing of offenders is near to impossible in Saudi Arabia, Dubai and Abu Dhabi, but also registration of rape cases is really a hard nut to crack in the entire Arab region (Khalife, 2010). The paper has been supported with the conflict, labeling, feminist and nature theories of crime, which endorse various possibilities behind committing of offences a nd delinquencies by the individuals belonging to divergent ethno-racial cultures, communities and societies of the globe. The Victim’s Background: As stated-above, the victim of the heinous crime of male rape in the present study was a 15 years young French-Swiss adolescent, who had proceeded to Dubai on a recreational tour by second week of July 2007. While he was sitting at beach-side of this modern and affluent country with one of his friends, he was offered car lift by the three native motorists, so that both the boys could be dropped safe and sound at the hotel they stayed. The motorists, with the promise of leading them to their hotel, turned the car towards the desert; where they stopped the car at a desolated area, and asked Alex’s associate to stay outside the car till they inflicted brutal buggery upon the hapless youth. The three Dubai residents raped Alex viciously, and threatened him of grave consequences provided he disclosed the mishap before any authority in Dubai (ABC News, 2007). The poor victim was extremely harassed, heart-broken and frustrated; even then he disclosed all about the sad incident over p hone to her mother Veronique Robert, a well-known and influential journalist of France, who moved the foreign office to probe into the matter quickly in order to get the rapists arrested, tried and penalized without wasting of time. The Background of the Rapists: The biased, prejudiced and cruel law enforcing agencies of Dubai never let the identity of the vicious rapists disclosed before the press. Despite Dubai's status as the Arab world's paragon of modernity and wealth, its legal system remains a perilous gantlet when it comes to homosexuality and legal protection of foreigners (Live Leak, 2007). Thus, they stuck to their traditional atrocious behavior of declaring the rape mere a sexual activity took place with the free consent of a European teenager as passive partner in gay sex, while the three Dubai residents as active partners. In other words, they declared the heinous anal rape as a routine gay sex activity, which is a punishable crime on the part of both the boy and the r apists. Somehow, after the direct involvement of French President Nicolas Sarkozy and the UAE leader Sheikh Zayid bin Sultan, the local police traced out the whereabouts of the rapists, and arrested them for identification parade at the police station. The brilliant Alex was successful

Vocational Rehabilitation for People with Mental Illness in the UK Essay

Vocational Rehabilitation for People with Mental Illness in the UK - Essay Example 2002, 172-177). Since the downfall of the act, there has been a speedy augment in the formation of for-profit health and mental health care organisations in the United Kingdom. This research discusses the managed care proposal sweeping the nation and their thoughtful belongings on the way social workers transport services to people with severe mental illness (Bachrach, L. 2003, 465-468). No doubt, Individuals with disabilities ought to expect employee benefits comparable to those predictable by all employees. The lack of ease of use of employee benefits, especially health insurance, can be prevention for individuals bearing in mind employment. The advantage package available to employees is a significant subject in employee approval for all employees counting those with disabilities (Bedall, J. R. 2004, pp. 95-119). If we analyse then we come to know that vacation, sick leave, health insurance, and retirement benefits are careful a significant feature of job satisfaction and sight as very significant by employees. In addition, research investigating quality employment result for individuals with disabilities have used employee reimbursement as an indicator of valued employment. For the majority UK workers, health insurance is the key employee benefit. As two-thirds of London's are employed in jobs with health insurance, workers at the inferior end of the salary scale are greatly additional likely to have jobs with no health insurance. For instance, workers earning less than $35,000 yearly are four times as probable to be uninsured than those earning over $35,000 (Bernstein, C. 2004). Evolution of Managed Care Many experts described the development of managed care as include five distinct phases: (1) carrying out consumption reviews and confine access, (2) managing advantage use, (3) supervision care with a most important importance on cost control, (4) running outcomes, and (5) put together managed care systems parallel and upright. For social workers the language linked with this example shift has been new and rather foreign. "Medical necessity," "degree of difference benefit packages," "penetration rates," "capitation contracts," "cost offsets," "slice outs," "cost bands," and "report cards" are but a only some of the terms in the new dictionary. Though managed care is the existing buzzword in the human services, frequent health care organisations, supported by provisions of the Health Maintenance Organisation Act of 1973, have been experimentation with this move toward for many years. Managed mental health care is a comparatively further recent occurrence and has outspread in an assortment of forms since the early 1980s (Bickman, 2005). States and Managed Care Numerous states have not waited for federal improvement since cost repression is a pressing requirement for them. Medicaid now constitutes 20 percent of the majority states' budgets, a better amount than senior education; so, states are turning to managed care to control this rising budget component. At least 35 states previously have a few form of capitated payment system for

Knowledge Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Knowledge - Essay Example t the person may turn out to be as disappointing as the previous one; in which case my knowledge is not based on truth, but only belief which is not ultimately justified How is Justification possible? Justification is often inferential depending on another justified belief. But as this takes us to a slow and roundabout path to establish truth, some theorists argue that there must be some basic beliefs on which our justification can rely on. This theory is termed Foundationalism. Other thinking pattern, termed Coherentism reject the idea of foundationalism. According to this school of thought, it is important that belief system is not mutually contradicting, but must remain consistent, cohesive and within human comprehension. There is yet another alternative theory Reliabilism, which holds that there must be a mechanism which supports our belief system and which is reliable enough to be justified. Our beliefs directly depend on our perception of the world, perception we acquire from books, media and the people. Perception makes us delve under the surface, contents supplied by our experiences. They act rather like a reflective process. There are two schools of thought: Empiricism and Rationalism. What do the empiricists say? According to the empiricists we learn everything through our personal perception that we gain from our own experience. The empiricists emphasized on our sense perception. When we enter this world our mind is a ’blank slate’, holds John Locke. Empiricists, however, concede to certain basic truth such as â€Å" there are no four sided triangles†. What do the rationalists say? Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, belonged to the rationalist school of thought. Descartes argues that ‘ we possess at least some innate knowledge’, such as our faculty for language. Senses often deceive us, e.g., ‘straight stick appears bent in water’, ‘and colored objects may appear gray in the dark.’ In fact we have reason to doubt everything in our external

Identify, compare and contrast for the CIA Agency Essay

Identify, compare and contrast for the CIA Agency - Essay Example Of our concern is the fact that Directorate of Science and Technology relates to information security standards in the agency (CIA, 2011). Factors like integrity of the personnel, secretiveness of the personnel and the information, and the availability of such information make up information security. In this context, confidentiality dictates that secretive information should stay as a secret and only authorized persons should receive access to such information. On the other hand, integrity relates to the morality, soberness, and the criminal history of the personnel. Then availability of information and information security relevantly serves an important part in the Agency. Furthermore, there are different standards that govern the application of information security. Some of these standards draw certain similarities while others portray divergent characteristics. Such standards may include and are not limited to Personnel Security Standards, Investigative Requirements and Standards , and Reporting Requirements (Tenet, n.y). Nevertheless, the main aim of all information security standards for CIA Agency is to help in fulfilling its mission in U.S. The Director of Central Intelligence oversees the formulation and implementation of the information security standards for CIA Agency. The National Security Act of 1947, as amended, and Executive Orders 12333 and 12968, set all the information security standards for CIA to apply to all US Government civilian and military personnel, employees, contractors, and consultants who seek access to Sensitive Compartmented Information (SCI). The Personnel Security Standards deal with qualification for accessing SCI. They stipulate the criteria for security approval on a person who seeks to know the basis for accessing SCI. According to the standards, such a person access to SCI must be a US citizen and the individuals immediate family must be US citizens.

Discuss the role played by morality or obligation in Antigone Essay

Discuss the role played by morality or obligation in Antigone - Essay Example Creon had passed over the instructions that forbade everybody to bury the dead body of Polyneices. Creon wanted the dead body of Polyneices to rot and get eaten up by wild animals and vultures because Polyneice had died as a traitor in an attempt to attack the city. Antigone, like many people in her time, held a belief that the souls of deceased people remain restless as long as they are not buried. Not only did Antigone take a stand against Creon’s decision of leaving Polyneices’ body unburied, she actually took practical measures that prove her sincerity. However, it was not easy to go against the consent of the powerful ruler of the time. When Antigone had decided to bury her brother’s dead body, she knew she was going to risk her life and was most likely to be assassinated for her act. However, the fear of worldly punishment could not keep her from carrying out the orders of her gods. Not only did Antigone comply with the standards of morality on burying the dead body of Polyneice, but also, she would not let Ismene take the charge for having done the job because this would put Ismene into trouble. This causes the reader to draw conclusions about Antigone that she was daring, courageous, bold, prudent and considerate. She offered so much importance to her moral values that she would happily embrace death to live up to them.

Political divide Essay Example for Free

Political divide Essay If we look at the issue of political divisiveness in the United States with the idea in mind that all politics are local, Mike Gates is probably correct in his assessment that the issue is ignorance and people who are too aware of their own opinions. Former Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor might agree. Gates is a city council member in the small community of West Linn, Oregon, who did not run for re-election because of what he views as a a growing divide within his own community (2008). His reason, he said, is simple. â€Å"There are just too many people engaging in pure political fantasy. They have accumulated to a point where no one could possibly respond to all the nonsense,† (Gates 2008). In the West Linn case, the issue is one of the government’s ability to provide all the desired services that the city residents are demanding and how exactly the government should fund these services (2008). On a larger scale, this is the same debate that faces the nation as a whole. Many people believe that the United States government should solve all the country’s ills, from global warming and poor economy to the lack of health care. Those who believe that it is the government’s responsibility to assure that all men remain equal and therefore have exactly the same things also believe that to make sure everyone has their needs met, we should take from the rich and give to the poor. On the extreme other side of the coin, we have Americans who believe that a person should take individual responsibility for their own needs and not rely on the government. These people oppose higher taxes to pay for anything. It is a fundamental difference of opinion that has lead to a deeply divided country. This is the divide Gates observes within his community. The people want West Linn to provide more services, but do not want higher property taxes to pay for those services. Complicating the issue is the question of religious freedom versus freedom from religion, as observed by former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, Sandra Day O’Connor. In a case regarding the inclusion of the word God in the Pledge of Allegiance, O’Connor â€Å"asked whether the schools pledge policy sends a message to nonadherents that they are outsiders, not full members of the political community. And, in concluding that it does not, OConnor emphasized that the pledge has been employed pervasively without engendering significant controversy and caused no political divisiveness prior to the filing of this lawsuit. (Garnett 2004). The Supreme Court justice tried to argue that a middle of the road approach, where those who disagreed with something simply chose not to participate, was appropriate. Unfortunately, this moderate approach was rejected by people on both sides of the issue. Instead of being happy with a compromise solution, it seems that people are more insistent on getting things their way. â€Å"More and more, our law seems suspicious of those divisions that our Constitution actually protectsthat is, the divisions that result when free people contend over difficult questions that matteryet indifferent to the harm done to religious freedom by demands for the privatization of faith and its segregation from civic life† (Garnett 2004). In this case, the author argued that removing God from the pledge was an imposition on the rights of the religious and the case had clearly claimed that the pledge’s use of â€Å"God† was an imposition on the rights of those with other or non-existent religious beliefs. Garnett and others seem more than willing to argue that the middle ground is not sufficient. All sides of an argument now claim moral superiority and believe that they must be given their way. This unfortunately contributes to a devisiveness from which the country cannot hope to recover.

Site Investigation And Preparation Construction Essay

Site Investigation And Preparation Construction Essay Select any industry that you know. Imagine how you prepare the site the stages you have to go through. Picture the document, the site investigation. Do you have any by-law? Follow your imagination and write a mini report. Sketch (include figure) an example of a bad site layout. Briefly explain why it is a bad lay out. Introduction Nowadays, population in Penang increasing rapidly but in Penang we are less free space for construction. Therefore, for reducing land space used, we are going to construct 20 storey building. We from NZL construction has to construct a huge apartment in residential area. This apartment consists of 20 floors which cover around 3300sq.ft in Penang. In order to start our construction, firstly we need to investigate and prepare the site (SI). The activities during preparing the site are earthwork, site clearing, fencing, dewatering, staking, and build temporary infrastructure for worker and build shortcut access for heavy vehicle. The construction is referring law of Penang. Objective of SI The SI needed to construct an construction that will lowering as much the inconvenient toward public and area during the project running. Besides, it s also need to make sure that the site is suitable for the construction. Site Investigation The geological and geotechnical parameters must suitable for the construction. There, we must extract the soil by using boring technique. This technique won t produce noisy that will disturb the residents. Moreover, the technique is more economical that will save our budget. After the test is conducted, we now know our geological suitable. Now, we can continue constructing the project. First of all, we must clear the site. Ex: cutting the existing tress that in site area and also demolishing old building. Next, excavating the surface for the formation level and slope stabilization The problem faces before and during construction The problem may occur before construction: 1. There are small rivers in the construction site. 2. Demolishing the old building bring unsatisfied among resident 3. Difficulty in transporting the materials to the construction site because near to the town and residential area The solution: 1. The river will cover up by the soil from cut and fill 2. Build suitable drainage system to void flood in the site and the residential area. 3. Give some pay back money for the residents for their loses in the old building 4. To avoid traffic jam, disturbing the resident and also for safety reason work carrying the equipment and materials such as tractor, timber and other is after peak that around 10 am to 3 pm Problem that may faces during the construction 1. Weather of the country is unpredictable. Its can be raining day without any sign. 2. The transportation of the raw materials is far away from the site cause the site is near to residential area. 3. Not enough space for keeping raw material small site area. 4. Safety for the resident. It s quite not safety when the heavy vehicle transporting the raw materials 5. The noisy sound from the construction site will disturb the residents condition 6. Flowing of heavy vehicle will damage the road. 7. The piling will affect the soil condition that may cause unstable condition for the foundation level The site layout Site layout is as references for a perfect construction. In must smartly plan to reduce careless as much as we can. It s also to avoid delay in construction. The site layout is as below: 1. Warning notice to warn public and workers at the construction. This is important to warn public people and also give awareness among the workers. 2. Briefing is needed for the workers 3. The site must secure from authorized people such as public workers. So, for more protection we need to fence around it. 4. The raw materials must be keeping systematically. If there not enough space, we need to rent it. 5. Electricity and watering is at the site. Producing this important thing must illegal and systematic to curb problem during construction that may delay project 6. Facilities for the workers must considerate. Must be fully constructed with electricity and water. 7. Consultant and contractor office must nearby the site Bad site layout Bad site layout may cause easier thing to be more difficult especially when it did not plan well. This is example of bad layout. Why we categorized it as bad layput: 1. Do not show road those heavy vehicles need to follow by. 2. No place to keep raw materials 3. No fencing around the construction site 4. Too simple plan layout. 5. No welfare for the workers such as toilets and canteen The site layout must be very clear including sketching road, and fence. Besides, site layout also must show the whole construction. The alternative road also must be suggested to avoid traffic problem and make the transportation raw materials become easier. Moreover, places for keeping the raw materials must be covered up by water proof to prevent it from damage internally and externally. Besides, all the welfare for workers needs to improve time by time to give comfortable and tidy place for them. This may give them spirit and courage them to work harder. This site is operated by Academic Computing, Centre for Information Communication Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Todays Hits : 45,796 Total Hits : 1,061,804

Impact of Meat Import Restrictions

Impact of Meat Import Restrictions Analysis of the impact if Iceland’s government would decrease import restrictions on fresh meat on Icelandic consumers and producers of meat Abstract Foreign trade is always increasing and all governments around the world try to protect some of their core domestic industries by applying various of restrictions to keep import at a minimum. Importation of fresh meat to Iceland is prohibited but forces with in consumers’ welfare organizations are pressuring for these restrictions to be reduced and opening the market up for foreign competition. If the market would open up then consumers would get lower prices, producers would probably have to lower their prices and production. It is crucial for the producers to appeal to consumers loyalty on Icelandic meat and prove their quality. Margrà ©t Guà °nà ½ Vigfà ºsdà ³ttir Introduction In Iceland, like many other countries, agriculture is a significant part of history, sustainability and food security. In early 20th century agriculture started facing difficulties in which leaded to the government taking actions by subsidizing the industry. Import restrictions also protect domestic industry to this day. Geographic outlines, climate and distance from world markets cause high production cost, high transportation cost and poor terms of trade. Market conditions are often blamed for high food prices in Iceland especially because of small population and small market. This small market is therefore uneconomical in production, management and trade and the advantages of economies of scale are not possible like in other neighbouring countries of Europe for instance (Snorrason, 2006). Iceland’s participation in world trade for example in the European Economic Area (EEA) and Word Trade Organization (WTO) has opened the possibility of increased import of agriculture goods but the foreign market has not yet threatened Icelandic meat producers due to import restrictions (Þorgeirsson, Bjarnadà ³ttir, Sveinsson, 2004). The import restriction are in form of high tariffs, import quotas and strict import permits, several certificates and documentation confirming that the product have been stored at a temperature of at least -18 °C for 30 days and a certificate confirming the that the products are free of salmonella (EFTA Surveillance Authoroty, 2014). The Icelandic Competition Authorities, Consumer Protecting Agency and other organizations have complained that the restrictions prevent healthy competition and leave consumers worse off. Recently the EFTA Surveillance Authority concluded a reasoned opinion that Iceland’s restriction on importation of fresh meat in breach of EEA law (EFTA Surveillance Authoroty, 2014). The Icelandic government argues that these restrictions are necessary for Icelandic healthcare due to possible infection to Icelandic farm animals. Iceland is an isolated island and farm animals stocks like lamb have stayed the same for decades. This means that Icelandic farm anima ls are much more vulnerable to diseases with worse immune system than the farm animals on the main lands of Europe. Along with these import restrictions on selected agriculture products the Icelandic government also subsidizes the agriculture industry by guaranteeing minimum price to farmers. Some have criticise that Icelandic farmers are overindulgent by the government compared to other nations and because of this farmers/producers can offer higher prices than they would in more competitive market. The Market An oligopoly is a market with few large firms holding the majority of the market. They offer similar products but try to differentiate to be more desirable than the next. Firms in oligopoly market are said to be interdependent which mean that they will consider their own actions influenced with how the rivals might respond (Mankiw Taylor, 2014). The Icelandic meat producers market is an oligopoly. The four largest producers of meat had 56% market share in 2010 (Icelandic Competition Authority, 2012). The market is small due to small population, which leads to uneconomic production, management and trade compared to larger countries. Price on meat was 38% lower in the EU states on average in 2009 (Kristà ³fersson Bjarnadà ³ttir, 2011). Economies of scale are hard to obtain due to high capital cost, seasonal fluctuation and only the few large producers have sufficient economies of scale compared to the size of the market (Jà ³hannesson Agnarsson, 2004). These facts make it harder to enter the market for new comers (entry barrier). It is important for all producers to know how consumers respond to changes in price. The price elasticity of demand measures how much the quantity demanded responds to a change in price (Mankiw Taylor, 2014). Price elasticity of goods can vary, necessities are often rather inelastic, that is, the percentage change in demand is small when prices change (PE1). Most agriculture products like meat are inelastic goods (although specific types of meat are elastic due to close substitutes, from pork to beef for example) as food is a necessity. Consumers maintain the consumptions of them despite changes in price (Jà ³hannesson Agnarsson, 2004). Welfare economics is the study of how the allocation of resources affects economic well-being. Consumer and producer surplus is used to measure the benefits to consumers and producers of trading. When government introduces taxes, tariffs and quotas it creates a deadweight loss. Deadweight loss is the fall in total surplus that results from a market distortion such as tax (Mankiw Taylor, 2014). Import Restriction Impact on Economic Welfare Icelandic importers can not import meat unless it has gone through various examinations and been frozen for at least 30 days. Frozen meat is of course not fresh and therefor are no imports on fresh meat allowed. Now lets use the tools of economics to see how this affects consumers, producers and the economic welfare. The demand is rather inelastic as explained earlier. We assume that the supply is close to unit elastic due to various factors pulling in either direction. The world supply on the other hand is elastic since it is a very large competitive market. We will keep these assumptions about elasticity’s out this chapter. To simplify, impact of taxation is ignored. Figure 1 shows current status on Icelandic fresh meat market. No fresh meat is bought from foreign suppliers and consumer surplus (green) is the area A and producers surplus (red) is the area B+C. Figure 1: Current Fresh Meat Market with out Trade Now lets see what happens if Icelandic government relieves the import restrictions on fresh meat. Figure 2 shows that consumer surplus gains a lot and equals the area A+B’+D while producer’s surplus reduces (B-B’=B’’) and equals the area C+B’’. The price falls and since the domestic quantity supplied (DQS) is less than the domestic quantity demanded (DQD) the difference has to be imported. Figure 2: If Restrictions were Removed (with out Tariffs and Quotas) Figure 2 does not shows what would happen in current situation because of import tariffs and import quotas. The import tariff on meat from nations within EU and EFTA is 18% and 30% from other nations. Nations with in EU are allowed to import to Iceland limited amount (tariff-quota) of pork, poultry and beef (no lamb) with out tariff . On the other hand, the Import quotas are sold to the highest bidder leading to little or no gain from the free trade to the importer (Icelandic Federation of Labour, 2007). To get the idea of how things might be if the restrictions were relieved we look at the meat market in general, including frozen and processed meat. In 2010 the market share of imported meat was 3%, which is a very small percentage (Icelandic Competition Authority, 2012). The high tariffs and quotas keep the import level at a minimum. Figure 3 shows how the market is with tariff and quota, assuming for simplicity that they cross the domestic demand at the same quantity. The area for consumer surplus has now increased, from what we saw in figure 1, by area B’+G and producer surplus has decreased by area B’. The government revenue (yellow), area E, is added since there is tariff added to the world supply and quotas sold. The deadweight loss (orange), or loss to society, from this tariff and quota is area D+F. The price falls slightly from P1 to P2, domestic quantity demanded increases and domestic quantity supplied decreases. Meat has to be imported to meet the demand fro m DQS to DQD (it is likely that the ratio of import is much smaller than indicated in figure 3 compared to current 3% import market share). Figure 3: If Restrictions were Relieved (Current Meat Market) We can see by comparing figure 3 to figure 1 that both government and consumers gain surplus while producers are worse off resulting in total surplus change of area +G+E (table 1). This infers that removing restrictions will raise the economic wellbeing. Table 1: Changes in Economic Welfare if Restrictions Relieved With restrictions Without restrictions Change Consumer surplus A A+G+B’ +B’+G Producers surplus C+B C+B-B’ -B’ Government revenue None E +E Total surplus A+C+B A+C+B+E +G+E Import restrictions are not the only thing that the Icelandic Consumer Organization and others want to be taken action on. As mentioned before high tariffs and quotas keep the imports of meat at a minimum. It is not cost efficient to import fresh meat and therefore the tariff income on fresh meat to the Icelandic government is not substantial. In a report the Icelandic Statistical Bureau published in 2006 about reasons for high food prices in Iceland it was indicated that if tariffs would be reduced by half on main agriculture products the income loss for the government would be 145 million ISK, but on the other hand the rise in income due to increased turnover would be 900 million ISK (Snorrason, 2006). Now lets assume that import quotas will be removed and import tariffs lowered as shown in figure 4. Figure 4: If Restrictions and Quotas were Relieved as well as Tariff Reduction. The price consumers pay will fall from P2 to P3. Domestic quantity supplied will decrease and domestic demand will increase leading in larger import. Table 2 shows the changes of reducing import tariffs and removing quota. The total change in total surplus will be the area +D’’+F’’+D’’’+F’’’. Table 2: Changes in Economic Welfare if Quotas were Removed and Tariffs Reduced Before lowering tariffs After lowering tariffs Change Consumer surplus A+G+B’ A+G+B’+B’’’+D’’+E’+F’’ +B’’’+D’’+E’+F’’ Producers surplus C+B-B’ C+B-B’-B’’’ -B’’’ Government revenue E E-E’+D’’’+F’’’ -E’+D’’’+F’’’ Total surplus A+G+C+B+E A+G+C+B+D’’+D’’’ +F’’+F’’’ +D’’+F’’+D’’’+F’’’ The total surplus change from figure 1 to figure 4 is then the area G+E+D’’+F’’+D’’’+F’’’. This area is the measure off how much the market increases it’s welfare. There are always losers and winners in trade. In this case the producers would always be the looser since import tariffs and quotas are always to protect the domestic producers. Consumers and the government are winners in this case with lower price to consumers and increased revenue for the Government. The Government could then use that revenue to increase subsidizes to the domestic production to keep up their competitiveness to the world market. Impact of lifting import restrictions What would Icelandic consumers gain if import restriction where relieved. The Consumer Protection Agency argues that because of the poor status of the Icelandic currency ISK and current tariffs the Icelandic producers have nothing to fear. When import restrictions on tomatoes, cucumbers and peppers from Europe where relieved in 2002 some predicted that domestic production would stop. The outcome was on the other hand that prices of these goods decreased, domestic production increased and producers gained more profit. This will be the case for fresh meat as well. Supply and variety of meat will increase and consumers will have better alternatives (Icelandic Consumer Organisation, 2013). Tariff protection does not protect the agriculture producers but gives shelter for high price on competitive and substitution goods. The impact of reducing tariff protection would have a big impact on the agriculture producers and some might not be able to compete with the world market. Therefore it would be important to support the agriculture producers by increased subsidizes and other operations optimizing while lowering tariffs (Snorrason, 2006). The impact of relieving import restrictions on fresh meat and lowering tariffs on meat in general could lead to Iceland being dependent on foreign market concerning food security. Foreign markets might face shock to their production, such as animal disease or crop failure and would that lead to shortage and/or significant price change for Icelanders at least in the short run (Jà ³hannesson T. , 2004). Will consumers be loyal to Icelandic production In economics there is a principle that says that people respond to incentives. The consumer knows what he wants when two or more alternatives are available, he is consistent in the way that if he choses product A rather than B and product B rather than C, that he will then choose A rather than C. He also chooses more quantity of quality rather than less quantity of quality, for example he chooses three apples instead of two apples if the price is the same. Most people are though aware that they can consume less that they desire because their spending is constrained, or limited, by their income (Mankiw Taylor, 2014). In reality this is not so simple as indicated above. The experience of Finland and Sweden joining the European union (free trade) showed that consumers are willing to pay higher prices for domestic produced goods compared to similar imported goods. In the case of Icelandic vegetables, Icelanders are willing to pay 10% more than for imported vegetables (Kristà ³fersson Bjarnadà ³ttir, 2011). Research has shown that 62% of Icelandic consumers think Icelandic meat is of more quality that foreign meat, 26% would pay 6%-10% higher price for Icelandic meat and 21% would pay 11-15% higher price. When consumers where asked if they would rather buy foreign cheaper meat, 35% said yes, 45% no and 20% where undecided (Þà ³rhallsdà ³ttir, 2012). These numbers indicate that if import restrictions where relieved or reduced then Icelandic producers of meat have to step up and show their advantages to consumers to keep their loyalty. For example show their proximity to the market, production methods, quality and nutrition level (Þà ³rhallsdà ³ttir, 2012). Conclusion The world is always getting smaller and smaller with globalization and increased trade. The pressure on Icelandic government to reduce restrictions on importing fresh meat will only increase by time. If the Icelandic government cannot prove that import of raw meat harms the health of humans and animals they will have to reduce import restriction from countries with in EU. Icelandic farmers and producers of meat need to prepare for the market opening up by promoting them self among consumers and differentiate. All restriction reduction on import including quotas and tariffs benefit the consumers, it’s just a matter of how much. Increased competition could also lead to production improvement with in the meat farmers/producers and increase their turnover and profit like the vegetable industry experienced. Since the coverage on changes in economic welfare in this paper were only theoretical it would be interesting to see a research report on the real influences in numbers, similar to the report of the Statistical Bureau in 2006 about food prices. References EFTA Surveillance Authoroty. (2014, October 8). EFTA Surveillance Authoroty. Retrieved December 5, 2014 from Questions and answers Fresh meat case: http://www.eftasurv.int/media/press-releases/ESA_Questions_and_Answers_(EN)_-_The_Icelandic_Fresh_meat_case.pdf EFTA Surveillance Authoroty. (2014, October 8). EFTA Surveillance Authoroty. Retrieved December 11, 2014 from Internal Market: Icelands restrictions on the importation of fresh meat in breach of EEA law : http://www.eftasurv.int/presspublications/press-releases/internal-market/nr/2345 Icelandic Competition Authority. (2012). Verà °Ãƒ ¾rà ³un og samkeppni à ¡ dagvà ¶rumarkaà °i [Price developments competition on convenience market]. Reykjavà ­k: Icelandic Competition Authority. Icelandic Consumer Organisation. (2013, March 14). Icelandic Consumer Organisation. Retrieved December 5, 2014 from Um innfllutning à ¡ hrà ¡u kjà ¶ti [About imports on raw meat]: http://www.ns.is/is/content/um-innflutning-hrau-kjoti Icelandic Federation of Labour. (2007, March 23). Icelandic Federation of Labour. Retrieved December 10, 2014 from Breytingar à ¡ tollum 1. mars 2007 [Changes on tariffs 1. March 2007]: http://www.asi.is/media/6401/230307tollarbreytingar.pdf Jà ³hannesson, S., Agnarsson, S. (2004). Bà ³nid er bà ºstà ³lpi, bà º er landstà ³lpi [Farmer is the man of the house, a farm is a pillar of the commuity]. University of Iceland, Institute of Economics. Reykjavà ­k: Oddi hf. Jà ³hannesson, T. (2004). Framleià °slukerfi à ­ bà ºfjà ¡rrà ¦kt [Production system for livestock raising]. Education conference of the agriculture industry (pp. 55-60). Reykjavà ­k: Iclandic Farmers Association. Kristà ³fersson, D. M., Bjarnadà ³ttir, E. (2011). Staà °a à ­slenks landbà ºnaà °ar gagnvart aà °ild aà ° Evrà ³pusambandinu [Icelands agruculture status towards membership of the European Union]. Mankiw, N. G., Taylor, M. P. (2014). Economics. Andover: Cengage Learning . Snorrason, H. (2006). Skà ½rsla formanns nefndar sem forsà ¦tisrà ¡Ãƒ °herra skipaà °i 16. janà ºar 2006 til à ¾ess aà ° fjalla um helstu orsakaà ¾Ãƒ ¦tti hà ¡s matarverà °s à ¡ à slandi og gera tillà ¶gur sem mià °a aà ° à ¾và ­ aà ° fà ¦ra matvà ¦laverà ° nà ¦r à ¾và ­ sem gegnur og gerist à ­ nà ¡grannarà ­kjunum [Report from the presitend of a committe that was nominated 16th of January 2006 by the prime minister to adress the main triggers to high food price in Iceland and make a suggestion to bring food price down to same level as in neighbouring countries]. Reykjavà ­k: Icelandic Statistical Bureau. Þorgeirsson, S., Bjarnadà ³ttir, E., Sveinsson, Þ. E. (2004). Atvinnuvegur à ¡ krossgà ¶tum Staà °a bà ºgreina à ¡ breyttum tà ­mum [Industry on crossroads Farming position in different times]. Education conference of the agriculture industry (pp. 61-73). Reykjavà ­k: Iclandic Farmers Association. Þà ³rhallsdà ³ttir, S. A. (2012). Vià °horf à ­slenskra neytenda til landbà ºnaà °arframleià °slu à hrifaà ¾Ãƒ ¦ttir à ­ kjà ¶tneyslu- [Icelandic consumers attitude towards agricutlure products Factors influencing meat cunsumption -]. Agricultural University of Iceland, Natural Resources Department. Reykjavà ­k: Agricultural University of Iceland.

Joseph C. R. Licklider :: essays research papers

Joseph C. R. Licklider died when he was 75, on June 26, 1990. His death was caused by a heart attack that followed because of complications from asthma. Licklider was born in St. Louis, Missouri and educated at Washington University and the University of Rochester. There he received his three bachelor's degrees in math, physics, and psychology. Licklider was well liked and had a very good reputation for being very humble, often letting others take credit for his ideas. Licklider humility and good manners were probably part of his mid-western upbringing. Licklider came to Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1950. Previously, he had worked at Harvard University's Psychoacoustics Laboratory, where he discovered that "clipped speech" was 70-90 percent intelligible. Professor Licklider's background was in the psychology of communications, and he played a major role in stimulating linguistics research at MIT while contributing to the study of biological characteristics of communication. Licklider lectured on the neurophysiology of vision and hearing, the perception of speech, and the presentation and absorption of information. J.C.R. Licklider's contribution to the development of the Internet consists of ideas not inventions. He foresaw the need for networked computers with easy user interfaces. His ideas foretold of graphical computing, point-and -click interfaces, digital libraries, e-commerce, online banking, and software that would exist on a network and migrate to wherever it was needed. He has been called, "Computing's Johnny Appleseed," a well-deserved nickname for a man who planted the seeds of computing in the digital age. Licklider planted his symbolic seeds at two very important places. Most importantly, he worked for several years at ARPA, which is Pentagon's Advanced Research Projects Agency, where he set the stage for the creation of the ARPANET. Licklider worked at Bolt Beranek and Newman, the company that supplied the first computers connected on the ARPANET. He did his doctoral work in psychoacoustics. In 1942, he went to work at Harvard's Psychoacoustics Laboratory where he did work for the Air Force to find solutions for the communication problems faced by crewman in noisy bomber aircraft. Joseph Licklider worked on a Cold War project called SAGE designed to create computer-based air defense systems against Soviet Union bombers. Lick became increasingly interested in computing thereafter. Coming to the world of computing from a psychology background gave Lick a unique perspective. Computing at the time consisted mainly of batch-processing operations. Large problems would be outlined in advance and operations coded onto paper punch cards that were then fed into computers in large batches.

Mother Courage: The Hole In The Cheese :: essays research papers

Mother Courage contains a quote that pulls the entire play together so innocuously; it's hard to believe that Brecht originally intended it to be so symbolic. Yet, there it is, in scene six, the chaplain rhetorically asks, "What happens to the hole when the cheese is gone?" This line operates on the three essential layers of the play: the level of the character, of the playwright (plot), and of the audience. On "face" value, this line is said about peace. The chaplain believes that the image of peace as the norm and war as an abnormal event is backward. He sees war as the standard occurrence (the cheese) and peace as merely an interim incidence (the holes in the cheese). Thus peace is nothing without a backdrop of war upon it; a hole is only a hole - it contains nothing. The substance of life is war.But the chaplain's line wouldn't be as significant if it didn't have a more global meaning. In the light of the plot, "What happens to the hole when the cheese is gone?" is a question that Mother Courage should ask and apply to herself. Clearly the cheese is Swiss Cheese specifically, and more generally all of her children. Mother Courage only thinks about a certain part of her children - their use to her in her business. She has an odd sort of motherly care for her children; abstractly, she has affection for them, but it's only abstract. The only concrete feelings she expresses toward her children is that they should listen and depend on her; as long as they stay and work with her, she will keep them safe. But she can't understand that their identities are so crucially different than the tiny roles she has given them in her life. She only sees the hole, but her children are real people with real ambitions. Swiss Cheese has such a desire to be honest and useful, but she only sees a simpleton. Kattrin can't voice her feelings, but it's clear that she's a strong woman like her mother, and yet Mother Courage slams her (unintentionally) in every interaction they have. Kattrin is treated like an unwanted wage slave. Mother Courage cannot see the substance of her children, and when it is lost, cannot find what she thought they were because her reality was a hole. Their use to her was a hole framed in substance, and when the substance is lost, the hole is exposed to never have existed.

tragoed The Changing Tragedy of Oedipus Rex, Hamlet, and Desire under

The Changing Tragedy of Oedipus Rex, Hamlet, and Desire under the Elms Tragedy can easily be considered the greatest of all genres due to the fact that it has withstood the test of time. Formally, tragedy employs something more complex than other genres. It is not part of a life full of happy endings. It is part of a bigger system of things. It is part of who we are. Perhaps tragedy is simply the art that truly imitates life.> Historically speaking, the great rises of tragedy have occurred during times of exceptional affluence. The Greeks, the Renaissance, and the early twentieth century are periods that enjoyed this type of security. Extreme cultural and technological advances marked each of these periods. The Greeks had practically conquered what was known of the world. The Renaissance period was marked by the reign of arguably the greatest monarch in English history, and the early twentieth century saw the rise of some of the greatest technological advances on record. Even though some would argue that we now live in one of the periods of great prosperity, there is not much room for a true tragedy in our society. We have tragedy in the form of the news every day. [more like spectacle] In addition to the historical and formal facets of tragedy, the use of plot is key. Oedipus Rex is considered to be the most true to the form laid out by Aristotle. <Tragedy is marked by a problem of great proportions that must have a resolution. While the problem may seem wholly due to external forces, such as the death of King Hamlet or Eban's mother, spiritual and psychological factors come into play. This is especially evident in Desire of the Elms. The reader knows that there are extreme inte... ...ating the play. In Desire under the Elms, comic relief is noticed in each scene in which the oafish brothers are characters. It should be noted that while there is a general descent towards comedy, the comedy is quite dark in nature. The underlying theme of "fate versus free will" constantly pops up and in each play a mixture of both is exhibited. Finally, the use of spectacle is seen only in Hamlet, especially in the end of the play. Spectacle is even used in the play within a play. Alternately, Oedipus Rex and Desire under the Elms suppress spectacle. O'Neill possibly felt that to show the lovemaking and murder would diminish the message of the play. It would certainly diminish the use of imagination. Overall, the deeper elements of this genre will continue to fascinate the human mind for the centuries to come, just as it has for centuries past.

What is forensic science?

Forensic science is one of the three applications of medical knowledge applied to solving crime, over recent years forensics has become more advanced and better technology used to assist in criminal cases. Forensics alone is not a preventative to crime but can be seen as a hindrance to criminal activity. Unless criminals become clever and become forensically aware, it would be impossible to leave some trace evidence at a crime scene. Forensics is not only just about finding the perpetrator(s) of a crime but can also be used to prove a persons innocence using DNA and forensic evidence. I'm sure those who have suffered a mis-carriage of justice fully appreciate being cleared of a crime they didn't commit thanks to the use of DNA and other forensic techniques. Forensics used in conjunction with policing can provide vital evidence along with eyewitness statements, alibis etc to provide prosecution teams with the necessary evidence to convict. Collating information obtained from other crime scenes and producing a database for cross-reference is a major break-through. This allows police and other agencies to compare similar cases and possibly find links to previous unsolved cases. All the information is collected and placed on various databases stored for future reference. A forensic investigator must be impartial and assume no one is guilty unless the evidence states otherwise. They are not there to find the assailant but to collate any evidence from a crime scene, which is vital to naming the perpetrator. It certainly is a tool most useful in crime prevention and detection and in time will save the police a lot of time on cases trying to piece together all the evidence when specialist forensic teams can speed up this process through experience and knowledge. In turn moving on to other cases, spending less time on each case but still providing the same outcome. More cases solved, criminals will no doubt think twice about crime unless they want to get caught. With the help of the police and a pathologist (a scientist who is skilled in identifying the cause and progress of diseases by examining tissue and fluid from the body. Especially one who determines the cause of someone's death by conducting an autopsy), together they investigate the cause of death with suspicious circumstances. The forensic scientist assists the pathologist by determining the blood type, DNA profile, identifying other samples such as hair, fibres, semen, and any other substances found on the body, which may have been deposited by the assailant. All evidence collected is vital in proving guilt or innocence. Other forms of forensic identification include: * Fingerprints – scraping debris from under the nail beds can sometimes contain relevant DNA. * DNA – DNA can be collected from blood samples or blood spatter and compared to the national DNA database where matches can be found. * Forensic Odontology – from teeth marks and bites, matches can be found through dental records or identification can be made from moulds made of teeth if no identity is known. * Facial Recognition system – this is identifying person(s) from photographs or video footage. By analysing specific actions i.e. style of walk. * Voice Recognition – if audio recording available, this can be analysed and compared to other voice samples for comparison. * Handwriting Analysis – by studying styles of writing, loops, height of letters etc it can be established if a signature is fake or real. * Ballistics analysis – identifying weapons used from bullet cartridges found, and looking for unusual markings that can tie a bullet to a particular weapon. Markings found on shell casings are like fingerprints but in the ballistics world, each weapon fired leaves distinctive markings. * Document Analysis – characterising the composition of the type of paper used and ink. The age of the paper can be established and the manufacturer. * Typewriters – the type can be identified by minor variations to the positioning and wear and each letter. * Paper shredders – unless a cross shredder is used; it is easy to piece together relevant documents for information. * Copiers – computer printers each have an identification number, which is embedded on printouts. Also computer printers have an individual banding pattern, which helps to identify a particular machine used to print a document. * Network Analysis – this involves using bank records, telephone records and postal records to check financial status and/or phone records to trace last phone numbers called or retrieve vital messages. * Radio Transceivers – can be identified by minute variations of their output signal. * CCTV – this is very useful as CCTV has been used in most major town centres and known hot spots where there is trouble. CCTV has been used to solve a number or valuable cases and is also useful in identifying automatic number plates recognition as it is linked to the DVLA database. * Computer Analysis – identification can be made via an IP address or MAC address. Using criminal psychology that uses psychological theories and methods of understanding, explaining and predicting criminal behaviour can assist the police in determining an assailant's guilt or innocence. By examining their motivation and extreme behavioural habits they can assess the complexity and severity of what they are dealing with. Criminal psychologists do not work on the understanding that a person is solely driven by inner thoughts or ideas or controlled by other means. Mostly they concentrate on the theory of experience and learning as the main principle to explain their actions and accepting that their social conditions, unconscious motivations and their biological pre-dispositions are all factors. Many still pursue research into the theory of genetics relating to human behaviour. Is it possible that our genetic make-up is responsible in some way for our behaviour? It has been found that psychopaths have an extra Y chromosome instead of having the XY chromosome they have XYY, but this is not conclusive. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) looked at the theory of psychoanalysis arguing that unconscious forces drive behaviour and criminal behaviour is the result of these unresolved conflicts. He states that the force of the ID (the instinctive part of the mind) is not sufficiently controlled by the ego (the mediator between our desires and prohibitions of the superego, the area that controls our impulses). This is why he based all his theories on crime being a psychic rather than materialistic need. Freud originally tried to explain his workings of the mind in terms of physiology and neurology thinking as a scientist would. Freud's methods of psychoanalysis were based on his theory that people have repressed, hidden feelings. The psychoanalyst's goal is to make the patient aware of these subconscious feelings. Childhood conflicts that are hidden away by the patient become revealed to both the analyst and the patient, allowing the patient to live a less anxious, healthier life. Methods of hypnosis were originally used by Freud to find the cause for anxiety, but he dismissed them as being too inaccurate. He started to use methods of free association to delve into the patient's sub-conscious. By assessing the patient's reactions to the analyst's suggestions, Freud saw that the analyst could help the patient become consciously aware of his repressed childhood conflicts and impulses. By interpreting the patient's dreams, the analyst can provide an insight into the patient's conflicts as well. The therapist's interpretations of the patient's free associations and dreams are known as psychoanalysis. Freud's theory of psychoanalysis, however, does have its problems. One of its drawbacks is that it is based on the assumption that repressed conflicts and impulses do in fact exist. Today this assumption is being challenged, and is provoking intense debate. Freud first developed these methods of psychoanalysis when he met with patients whose disorders did not make neurological sense. A patient, for example, may have suddenly gone blind. The problem is that there is no damage to either of his eyes. Freud began to wonder if this disorder might be psychological rather than physiological. A patient not wanting to see something that aroused anxiety might have caused his own blindness, he hypothesized. In order to find out what the anxiety stemmed from, he used methods of free association where the patient would say whatever came into his mind. Through the slips made when the patient was told to carry out the free-association process, and some of the patient's beliefs and habits, Freud could delve into the patient's subconscious. These thoughts produced a chain directly into the patient's subconscious, and unearthed memories and feelings. This process soon became known as psychoanalysis. Freud also believed that dreams were an important way of getting into the patient's subconscious. By analyzing dreams, he could reveal the basis of conflict within the patient. Freud believed the mind was made up of three main parts: the conscious, the preconscious, and the subconscious. The conscious region is the part that people are most aware of and what others can see. The preconscious region holds thoughts and feelings that a person can become aware of but that are mostly hidden away. Finally, the subconscious region consists of thoughts and feelings which are completely hidden away and which one is mostly unaware of. Some believe that the preconscious region is really a small part of the much larger subconscious region. Freud said that the mind is like an iceberg, with most of it, the subconscious, hidden away, and only a small part, the conscious, showing above the water, able to be seen. Why, then, would the majority of the mind be hidden; why is the subconscious region so much larger than the conscious region? Freud explained that the answer is that one forcibly blocks thoughts and feelings that he does not want others to become aware of. Although the person is not fully aware of these feelings, he still expresses them in disguise through the way he makes his choices. Using psychoanalytic methods, Freud was able, he said, to learn what feelings the patient had blocked and hidden in his subconscious. Freud developed one of his most famous theories of the mind when he realized the source of conflict in a person. He theorized that there were three interacting systems within the mind: the id, ego, and superego. The id is the largest part of the unconscious, and operates mainly on the need to gain pleasure and satisfaction. The ego can be seen as the moderator between the id and superego. Finally, the superego is the region of the mind that is mostly conscious. The superego forces the ego to consider the most ideal way of dealing with a problem. It is made up of morals, values, and culture's influence on a person. The superego's demands are very much opposed to those of the id, and it is the ego that must struggle to balance the ideas of the two. To live in a society one must be able to control the sexual impulses of the id. The roots of the anxiety in most of Freud's patients, he discovered, had usually come from conflicts that they had been subject to in early childhood. He concluded that in a growing child, the id begins to focus on certain pleasure-seeking areas of the body. These areas Freud called the erogenous zones. So it seems that using a combination of forensic techniques, psychoanalysis and criminal profiling, together this makes a more accurate way to crime solving than just plain policing. As crimes become more creative in some cases, police and forensics need to have the means to manage and cope with the never-ending original scenarios. So as some criminals become more creative and aware of new technologies with forensics, so must the forensic teams ensure they are always one step ahead when it comes to analysing evidence and finding improved techniques and use technology to enhance an ever-increasing field. It has been suggested by many that maternal deprivation is a factor in producing criminals. Being deprived of any attachments and bonding create emotionless and non-affectionate individuals. Child-rearing techniques is an important area of research and seen as a preventative towards breeding more criminals. Forensics may be seen as a preventative in today's society because it has become so vast that virtually anything can be analysed and identified by scientists. Ensuring you don't leave any form of physical evidence at a crime scene is not impossible to get away with crime, but you would either have to have extensive knowledge of forensic science or be very meticulous or take time and a lot of preparation to ensure no DNA or trace evidence is left at the crime scene. I'm sure there are those that feel it is possible to create the perfect crime and never be caught, as we know some crimes remain unsolved due to lack of evidence or witnesses not reliable enough.

M&S Case Study Essay

Introduction As stated by Andrew (2001), the Porter’s generic strategies framework assist the business to evaluate a competitive atmosphere. The five Porters force mainly deal with entry threat, power of buyers and suppliers, substitute’s threat, and competitive rivalry. The threat of entry According to Porter (1980), entry freedom into a new market is normally considered an indication of the extent of company’s competitiveness. Porter further states that the larger the barriers to entry, the less the threat of new companies moving into the market. Marks and Spencer individually can keep prices low strategically to minimize possible entrants into the market. This is called entry deterring pricing that establishes a barrier to other competitors. As stated by Anthony (1999), these barriers are unique characteristics of an industry that defines it. The barriers decrease the pace at which new firms enter the industry thus maintaining low profits levels for other companies. The power of buyers For Marks and Spencer to root to its customers, it has to emphasis on grassroots acquisition of customers so as to offer an enlarged bargaining power to them. Consumers can improve their bargaining power suppose the services or products of an organization are not affordable or are of low quality. The consumers an also have strong bargaining power suppose they purchase standard, undifferentiated goods from suppliers. The buyers will be weak if producers can over own retailing if the producers are not standardized and the buyer cannot switch to another product (Johnson and Scholes, 2002). The company has tried to minimize such cases for high competitive advantage. The company has also to find new delivery methods that will improve customer satisfaction. Power of suppliers According to Porters (1980), a supplier can have influence suppose the company works within a limited market and there is a degree of substitutability. As asserted by Grant (2005), there are some factors that determine the power of the company to attain all the needed account to meet the relevant profits. There are credible onwards integration threats by suppliers, supplier’s concentration, cost of switching suppliers, and its powerfulness to boycott low quality products (Anthony, 1999). The company has to maintain a chain of suppliers for its products to beat the competition. Threat of Substitutes Porter (1980) describes the threat of substitution as the identification of substitute products that can perform the same function as the product in question. Marks and Spencer experiences some threats from the products of other companies. To an economist, intimidation of competitors take place supposes the product demand is affected by change in price of the competitors. Marks and Spencer’s products demand have been adversely affected by the strategic change in prices of other companies (Coyne, 1996). The new fashions available and the changing dressing mode are creating high competition between Marks and Spencer and other competitive companies. Rivalry Marks and Spencer faces high competition because various companies have emerged producing high quality products at affordable prices. This high concentration shows that the company has many competitors and majority has an important market share. To counter competition, Marks and Spencer has managed to lower prices so as to gain a temporary advantage. It has also strived to improve their product features and qualities during the manufacture (Grant, 2005). References Andrew, H., 2001. Understanding Potters five force analyses in the industries: view in the global world. Macmillan publishers. pp.22-27. Anthony, W., 1999. Strategic comparison of business to consumers’ relationships. Macmillan publishers. Coyne, K., 1996. Bringing obedience to policy. The McKinsey Quarterly. No.4. Grant, R., 2005. Modern policy investigation. The Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Oxford (U.K.). Johnson & Scholes, 2002. Strategic Management. 6th ed. Exploring Corporate Strategy Text & Cases.

Authoritarian Theory

According to this theory, mass media, though not under the direct control of the State, had to follow its bidding. Under an Authoritarian approach in Western Europe, freedom of thought was jealously guarded by a few people (ruling classes), who were concerned with the emergence of a new middle class and were worried about the effects of printed matter on their thought process. Steps were taken to control the freedom of expression. The result was advocacy of complete dictatorship. The theory promoted zealous obedience to a hierarchical superior and reliance on threat and punishment to those who did not follow the censorship rules or did not respect authority. Censorship of the press was justified on the ground that the State always took precedence over the individual's right to freedom of expression. Modern com was born in 1450 into an authoritarian society. A few essential characteristics of this theory is that the states ranked higher than the individual in the scale of the social values. Only through subordinating himself to the state can the individuals achieve his goals and develop his attributes as a civilized citizen or man. As an individual, he can do little, as a member of an organized society, his potential is enormously increased. This means not only that the state ranks higher than an individual, but also that the state has a caretaker function and the individual, a dependant status. The press belonged to the King/Emperor/ Pope, or in some cases, to private individuals who favored and were favored by royalty and authority. The press was the servant of the state. The world has been witness to authoritarian means of control over media by both dictatorial and democratic governments.

About Nobel Peace Prize 2010

Introduction: On October 8, The Chinese dissident Liu Xiaobo was named the winner of this year's Nobel Peace Prize by the decision of the Norwegian Nobel Committee. An overwhelming majority of governments and organizations around the world appreciate the dedication of Liu for his long time pursuing of human-rights improvement in China. Be that as it may, China has blockaded the news which sounds ridiculous to the standpoint of almost all the Chinese people. Recently, the comments of this controversial phenomenon, not exaggerative to say, as one falls another rises.In my point of view it’s not a problem of who is right or wrong, which importantly counts is the respect for China. Closely following behind are the statements and analyses. Development: ?diverse actions Chinese Foreign Ministry: It's a complete violation of the principles of the prize and an insult to the Peace Prize itself for the Nobel committee to award the prize to such a person. Norwegian Prime Minister Jens St oltenberg Liu Xiaobo has been awarded the prize for defending freedom of expression and democracy in a way that deserves attention and respect.US President Barak Obama: This award reminds us that political reform has not kept pace, and that the basic human rights of every man, woman and child must be respected. UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon’s office: The award of the Nobel Peace Prize to Liu Xiaobo of China is recognition of the growing international consensus for improving human rights practices and culture around the world. French Foreign Minister Bernard Kouchner: This decision embodies the defense of human rights everywhere in the world.The Dalai Lama: Awarding the Peace Prize to him is the international community's recognition of the increasing voices among the Chinese people in pushing China towards political, legal and constitutional reforms. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ As you can see, nearly all the foreign people support Liu, which to some extent shows no respect for the cultu res and customs of China. The Nobel Peace Prize should be awarded to people who â€Å"promote national harmony and international friendship, who promote disarmament and peace†.It was against the Mr. Nobel's wishes when the Nobel Committee gave the prize to Liu, a criminal violated Chinese law. To Chinese people, especially those in political positions, this kind of support is more a curse than a blessing. Though there is an element of plausibility in those arguments put forward by the advocates of Liu, I tend to agree that over the last dozens of years, China has been in an era of enlightenment and progress. The standard of living also reached the expectation of citizens.Not to mention the rules, laws and even details that put human being at the center, and that deter and minimize deception, corruption and scandals. ? asking for release The United States has called on China to end the apparent house arrest of the wife of Nobel Peace Prize winner and jailed dissident Liu Xiaob o. â€Å"His wife's rights should be respected, and she should be allowed to move freely without harassment. † Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan has said the release by China of the detained Nobel Peace Prize winner Liu Xiaobo is â€Å"desirable†.The government of Norway, where the Nobel prize is based, said China's reaction was â€Å"inappropriate†. The European Union has called for his release. The increasing number of people who ask for the release of Liu is really exerting a lot more pressure on the judicial system of China than it is designed to deal with. To make a clearer impression of Liu, he is known as an annoyance to the Chinese Communist Party and currently serving an 11-year prison sentence for â€Å"subverting state power†.To be honest, China may not do well enough in some parts. Nevertheless, no country is perfect in every aspect. In this case, I think we should bridge the cultural differences between China and other countries, which hopefu lly leading to understanding, tolerance and even appreciation of different cultures and customs, which is the very theme of â€Å"avatar†. Anyhow, China is not a queen who not only reign but also rain. None of the country leaders do not want to gain the peacefulness through their governance.People should be endowed with a global perspective to prevent their views and ideas from being too one-sided or suburban by listening to, comparing and even absorbing different opinions. Sometimes foreigner should stand at our side to rethink about the question in hand. Will you allow a non necessary reform appear along with disorders in public, while most of us live in happiness and satisfy with the measures country adopts now? ?the relationship between two countriesNorway has been left scrambling to contain damage to its relations with China after the award of the Nobel peace prize to a Chinese dissident caused anger in Beijing. â€Å"We wish to continue our fruitful co-operation in all fields with China,† Norwegian foreign ministry spokeswoman Ragnhild Imerslund said. According to the statements of the Chinese Foreign Ministry, the award of the Nobel Peace Prize to Liu will bring damage to two-way relations. The Beijing government summoned the Norwegian ambassador in protest. It called Mr.Liu a â€Å"criminal†, saying the award violated Nobel principles and could damage relations with Norway. It is hard to say whether the event would disrupt the relations. However this is not the first time China has been offended by the committee’s choice. Past winners include the Dalai Lama, the Tibetan spiritual leader, in 1989 for efforts to liberate the Chinese territory. What we just have known now is the cancellation of visits to Norway and from Norway. Conflicts are inevitable, yet Norway has to express esteem to China, as a basic manner to get along with.In recent years, the relationships between two countries have maintained sound development, which produces favorable effects in terms of commerce and trade. The disruption of the relations would be conductive to nobody. Neither of the countries is willing to end up the relationship with such an event. Norway is trying their best to diminish the impact, and the outcome is worth a further notice. Conclusion: From what has been analyzed above, we naturally come to the conclusion that China should be understood and showed respect to.Although there are a variety of thoughts throughout the world, they may be merged and intermingled to only one expectation. That is to say, all the people involved want to underscores the links between development, democracy and universal human rights. China has the competence to achieve the common goal, whereas. Foreign countries do not have to push China to release Liu. I think after a period time, China would solve the problem in a satisfactory approach, such as who to accept the award, how to handle the conditions of Liu, and how to reduce to influen ce of the relationship between China and Norway, and so forth.

Specialists and generalists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Specialists and generalists - Essay Example There is element of efficiency as a single person controls related technical areas of organization limiting chances of confusion (Sarkar, 2011). Decision regarding improvements in tech department becomes relatively easy as other peoples contribution is limited. Employment of a single IT administrator may also results to limitation factors in development of organization. Single IT administrator would easily be exhausted due to overwork, this would result to technical problems as a result of errors created when the personnel is tired (Root and Mason, 2012). Decisions made by a single person may not be right and this would affect the overall performance of technical department of an organization. IT administrators in large companies have easy task in attending to their respective duties due to specialization. Employees are assigned to duties based on what they can do better having gathered required skills in their departments like data storage and analysis is separated from networking jobs in companies. This art of specialization has contributed to development of various companies. There are various benefits of specialization. Each and every administrator has a chance to concentrate and improve on personal duties for efficiency. Specialization makes it easy for the replacement of an employee since it’s easy to find other person specialized in the same job (Root and Mason, 2012). Disadvantages of specialization commonly experienced include; development of several departments within the same major department which may be difficult to manage, Employment of many administrators which may be costly to maintain by the organization (Sarkar,

Sustainability in business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sustainability in business - Essay Example Finally, the project presents some of the criticisms that the companies had to face and the steps taken by them to counter the charges. Every business strives to attain sustainability in today’s world. Sustainability is an idea that every business tries to portray. A sustainable organisation is one, which tries to maximise profit for its shareholders while protecting its environment and improves the lives of those it interacts with. The business operates with the view to meet the interests of society and environment. A sustainable business always stands the chance to achieve greater success in future and remain successful for decades and generations. This project talks about three such corporations which thrive on sustainability. They are the three Italian companies, namely Fiat, Pirelli and Luxottica. Each company has its own way of maintaining sustainability. Each has been discussed in brief in this project. The project also discusses the way each company has paved its way to recovery and success. Fiat is an Italian automobile manufacturer company that also deals with financial services, media, engine manufacturer and metallurgy. The company was founded in 1899 by a group of investors in Italy. With time the company diversified its operation in different parts of the world. In 2009, Fiat was considered as the sixth largest car manufacturer in the world and the largest in Italy (Ramsey & Forden, 2009). Fiat is a multinational in true sense. The company has invested in many locations outside Italy. It has announced to invest 10 billion reais in Brazil by 2015; for developing facilities for cars, auto parts and agricultural machineries (Reuters, 2010). The company came into existence in 1899 and soon it was a great hit in the automobile industry. The company faced its first crisis after World War-I. At that time the company acquired a low cost mass production technology and introduced several new models. Fiat established many

Messoud Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Messoud - Assignment Example There were several research papers written in this regard. One of the significant literatures in this case was that of Beverley R. Lord, titled as â€Å"Strategic Management Accounting: The Emperor’s New Clothes?† The title itself is a strong evidence of what the literature is actually aiming at. Inclusively, Beverley R. Lord in her literature intended to evaluate the theoretical aspect of the concept and compare its effectiveness with few real life examples. This was due to the fact that the author realised that despite numerous journals, essays and literatures based on the concept there were only a handful of examples related to the implication of the concept. Strategic Management Accounting with its given attributes, uniting the theory of management accounting with strategic planning makes it a complex and debatable concept. Thereby, gathering all the features of the concept and relating it with its implication in a single literature is indeed difficult. However, in the literature, the author, Beverley R. Lord has tried to bring all these aspects together (Lord, 1996). Advantages and limitations of any paper, especially research paper highly depends on the personal knowledge and belief of the author(s). In this context, the author, Beverley R. Lord is a professional acquiring the position of the Department Head of Accounting and Information Systems in the University of Canterbury. Her research interests are concentrated on the issues related to fresh management accounting approaches, the accounting techniques used in different organisations along with the history and education of the accounting concept. Her few recent publications include, ‘Assessing the Implementation of Institutional Change in Local Government: Christchurch City Council and the Long Term Community Council Plan’, ‘Management accounting change in a Chinese state-owned enterprise: an