Summery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Summery - Essay Example The goal should be to retain human capital within the organization and this responsibility rests with the HR department by ensuring understanding and acceptance of the company’s policies by its employees. A case study cited in the article describes the HR system of banking industry in the UK using data that was collected from a particular bank over a period of three intervals. The study noted that owing to changes in technology and increased competition a drastic change was widely observed in the HR department within the banking sector. The study noted that retaining employees is based more on their performance rather than their welfare. These trends soon lead to headcount reduction, even though the company target remained the same. With these changes there was a general feeling that employee welfare was sidelined. When the bank later entered into a merger with another bank, it resulted in a series of changes within the HR departments, leaving the employees with a greater sens e of job insecurity, lack of training support for employees, which hindered promotion, a general feeling of dissatisfaction with regard to salaries, and decreased communication between the HR department and non-managerial staff. With mounting pressure on the staff to perform, and with a large number of their employees dissatisfied with their work, the HR department finally brought about changes in the work environment with the aim of retaining the workforce. But this effort was not highly successful among the employees as still most people felt that the HR did not care about career management and only very few were satisfied with the training and payments. Comparing the study data of the bank with that of other companies it was found that it was still lacking in certain areas. Thus in conclusion, the articles voices that in addition to devising HR strategies, implementing them in a manner that

Show how the characters of both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth change after the murder of Duncan Essay Example for Free

Show how the characters of both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth change after the murder of Duncan Essay Throughout the preliminary scenes of the tragedy the character of Macbeth is portrayed as a brave and noble soldier. He does not seem the kind of man who could come up with the ludicrous notion of committing such a horrifying act as murder. However we soon witness brave Macbeth rapidly propelled into the obscure world of darkness and evil. Overwhelming confirmation that Macbeth has succumbed to the witches prophecies arrives when Macbeth reveals the greatest is behind. We also witness the transformation from a brave and admired gentleman to a traitorous villain. His downfall is caused by his strong and powerful vaulting ambition, which oerleaps itself to succeed in becoming king and his wife, Lady Macbeths, incessant goading. Macbeths personal obsession over the kingship eventually shows a certain kind of egotism. Ultimately Macbeth, the man once looked upon by king Duncan as a valiant cousin and worthy gentleman, and Lady Macbeth, are, in the concluding paragraphs of the play, described as a dead butcher and his fiend-like queen. Preceding the unlawful death of the king, Macbeth stated understandable uncertainties about committing such a crime, which indicates he has a sensible mind and conscience and is not lacking in morals. On the night on which Macbeth is supposed to be perpetrating the bloody business he is still expressing strong doubts. The assassinator expressed great guilt that Duncan was staying over night at his castle in double trust. Macbeth articulated how as Duncans kinsman and his subject, strong both against the deed; then, as his host he should against his murderer shut the door, not bear the knife myself. At one stage Macbeth proclaims to Lady Macbeth his reluctance to go ahead and will proceed no further in this business as Duncan hath honoured me of late. Macbeths unwillingness shortly vanishes as he becomes settled, in spite of his guilt, and chooses to commit the crime of murdering the king. Immediately prior to the murder, however, Macbeth experiences a fatal vision when he sees a dagger before his eyes and asks the infamous question is this a dagger I see before me? The hallucination is a dagger of the mind, a false creation and the first of many to come in which Macbeths subconscious guilt is expressed. An additional display of his repentance is when he wants darkness to envelop his actions and requests stars hide your fires! Let not light see my black and deep desires. Despite the noticeable fears Macbeth has he continues with the plan. Subsequently he is filled with regret and remorse for his actions and instantaneously registers his own evil as he states to his wife how he had most need of blessing, and Amen stuck in my throat. He is intensely aware of his wickedness and shall sleep no more! as he is afraid to think what I have done. In extreme juxtaposition to Macbeth however, his ruthless wife, Lady Macbeth exhibits no feelings of remorse and is miserably lacking in the morals of her husband whose nature she fears is too full oth milk of human kindness. She is excessively ambitious and at times appears unbelievably heartless displaying the more sinister side to her character when Macbeth wants to discontinue with her malevolent campaign. She endeavours to encourage and motivate Macbeth further by questioning his masculinity and argues that Macbeth would be so much more the man for killing Duncan. Lady Macbeth asserts that in order for one to succeed in being crowned withal they must screw their courage to the sticking place. It seems that she is completely and utterly obsessed with the concept of Macbeth becoming king and declares how these deeds must not be thought of after these ways; so, it will make us mad signifying her awareness of their evil actions and how she ironically believes they can be easily forgotten. The morning after the cold blooded murder of the King, Macbeth commences with the charade that he must continue as a consequence of his deeds. He seems genuinely shocked at the news he receives and pretends to grieve for the King, even paying compliments to Duncan in an effort to conceal his liability for the murder. So convincing is the act he puts on that no one would even envisage him having a part to play in the brutal murder of their beloved King, even less that he could have planned and carried out the murder himself. However, the cracks soon begin to show in his calm, collected exterior as his behaviour worsens and he starts acting more recklessly. He is filled with fear and anxiety and hurriedly kills the guards. He becomes obsessed by his fears and professes to his wife o, full of scorpions is my mind. Later Macbeth ironically states Theres nothing serious in mortality: all is but toys: renown and grace is dead, the wine of life is drawn, and the mere lees is left this vault to brag of. demonstrating, where appearance is he is lying, he truly feels there is now no reason for him to live. Proof of the continual guilt, anguish and remorse that Macbeth is feeling is expressed when he pronounces to Lady Macbeth that Ere we will eat our meal in fear, and sleep in the affliction of these terrible dreams that shake us nightly. Macbeth is afraid that any future son of Banquo may become King eliminating any chance of himself becoming King and that his genius is being rebuked. Secretly Macbeth orders two murderers to slaughter his faithful friend Banquo. He keeps the truth from his wife telling her only that she must continue to be innocent of the knowledge exemplifying a considerable change of character from the man who once needed a great deal of goading to perpetrate such an act as murder. Subsequently Macbeths character change is displayed further in the banquet scene where he seems to be becoming progressively disturbed and deranged. He experiences a hallucination, certain that he can see the ghost of Banquo. He is sure the tables full but there is a seat unoccupied and as he paces to and fro in desperation and uncertainty he confesses how he feels that murders have been performed too terrible for the ear. After the banquet the panic of Macbeths guilt is vividly evoked by the repetition of the word blood when Macbeth declares it will have blood; they say, blood will have blood:. The banquet scene demonstrates an unexpected revelation of Macbeths guilt, which is now beginning to become more public. Macbeth soon comes to believe that it would be best if he acted before thinking about the consequences pronouncing that the strange things I have in my head that will to hand, which must be acted ere they may be scanned showing visibly the extreme anxiety and fear that he is feeling. These feelings are displayed further when Macbeth is so full of remorse he can no longer sleep. His strange and self abuse is the initiate fear that wants hard use illustrates further his beliefs that his delusions are simply the product of a beginners fear, and that he needs greater experience of evil deeds. It appears as if Macbeth is addicted to killing. Macbeths behaviour detiorates further when he is reduced to murdering innocent women and children, encouraged by his malevolent desire to intimidate and terrorise. These actions, for which he has no excuse, only further highlight the change that Macbeth has undergone from such a brave and valiant cousin to the character we now see before us. Macbeths mind is so occupied with horrors that he has forgotten what real fear is and the only emotion he shows is indifference to everything, including the death of his wife. He truly believes he has forgotten the taste of fears. On receiving the news of Lady Macbeths departure he impassively declares she should have died hereafter; there would have been time for such a word. Perhaps this is not quite the reaction one would have expected had Lady Macbeth died during the initial scenes of the play when Macbeth referred to her as my dearest chuck. Macbeths unavoidable demise was completed with clear feelings of despondency. He states how he believes he has lived long enough and claims that lifes but a walking shadow, a poor player that struts and frets his hour upon the stage. The impact of his unspeakable deeds has resulted only in his longing for death. Lady Macbeth suffers similarly and transforms from the dominant, uninhibited woman who convinced Macbeth to commit the treacherous deed of murder into a scared, tormented woman overflowing with guilt and remorse for the actions she encouraged. Subsequent to the murder she becomes mentally disturbed and increasingly deranged. Lady Macbeth is ignored by her husband and descends further and further ultimately concluding in her death. Immediately after the murder Lady Macbeth faints, although she is described as seeming to faint. Was it a part of her act? If not then it seems she is already experiencing anxiety and fears about what she has induced. She later appears to have a strong feeling of isolation and alienation, enquiring How now, my lord! Why do you keep me alone? This seems strange as she was once such an independent woman who needed no one. She soon feels scared when it becomes apparent that Macbeth is no longer confiding in her and she has obviously lost her power over him. Lady Macbeth, like her husband, also finds sleeping difficult and is troubled with thick-coming fantasies, that keep her from the rest. When the murder had initially been committed she dismissively declared that a little water clears us of this deed but later questions will these hands neer be clean? revealing the extent of her remorse. These thoughts later result in Lady Macbeth becoming ill. When Macbeth enquires about her to the doctor treating her he refers to her only as your patient displaying how Lady Macbeth has deteriorated so much that he wishes to distance himself even further from his wife. Her behaviour goes downhill from there on and concludes in her committing suicide. In general both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth have, by the end of the play, altered so much that you would hardly recognise them as the two characters that we perceived at the beginning of the tragedy. Macbeth appeared as a brave soldier who we witnessed turn into pure evil personified. Lady Macbeth began the play as a dominant, strong and independent woman and concludes the play as a pathetic, fragile creature. Both characters received the titles of a dead butcher and his fiend like queen. As a reader we cannot help but feel some compassion towards both central protagonists, however, it seems that both characters deserved their fate as we observe what happens when you choose the wrong path and descend into the world of darkness.

Chemical Structures and Excipient Profile of Drugs

Chemical Structures and Excipient Profile of Drugs DRUG AND EXCIPIENT PROFILE CAFFEINE Chemical structure: Mol. Weight: Average: 194.1906 Melting point: 238  °C State: solid Water solubility: 2.16E+004 mg/L (at 25  °C) Half Life: 3 7 hours in geriatrics , 65 130 hours in pediatrics Protein Binding: Low protein binding (25 36%) Absorption: absorbed after oral and parenteral administration. The peak plasma level of caffeine ranges from 6 to 10mg/L and the mean time to reach peak concentration ranged from 30 minutes to 2 hours. Pharmacology: Caffeine is a naturally occurring xanthine derivative like theobromine and the bronchodilator theophylline. It is used as a CNS stimulant, mild diuretic, and respiratory stimulant (in neonates). Often combined with analgesics or with ergot alkaloids, caffeine is used to treat migraine and other types of headache. Over the counter, caffeine is used to treat drowsiness or mild water-weight gain. Mechanism of Action: Caffeine stimulates medullary, vagal, vasomotor, and respiratory centers, promoting bradycardia, vasoconstriction, and increased respiratory rate. This action was previously believed to be due primarily to increased intracellular cyclic 3†²,5†²-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) following inhibition of phosphodiesterase, the enzyme that degrades cyclic AMP. Xanthines such as caffeine act as antagonists at adenosine-receptors within the plasma membrane of virtually every cell. As adenosine acts as an autocoid, inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters from presynaptic sites but augmenting the actions of nor epinephrine or angiotensin, antagonist of adenosine receptors promotes neurotransmitter release. This explains the stimulatory effects of caffeine. Blockage of the adenosine A1 receptor in the heart leads to the accelerated, pronounced pounding of the heart upon caffeine intake. Indication: For management of fatigue, orthostatic hypotension, and for the short term treatment of apnea of prematurity in neonates. Toxicity: LD50= 127 mg/kg (oral dose in mice) ERGOTAMINE Chemical structure: Mol. Weight: Average: 581.6615 Melting point: 213.5  °C State: solid state Water solubility: Slightly soluble Half Life: 2 hours Absorption: The bioavailability of sublingual ergotamine has not been determined. Pharmacology: Ergotamine is a vasoconstrictor and alpha adrenoreceptor antagonist. The pharmacology of ergotamine is extremely complex; some of its actions are unrelated to each other, and even mutually antagonistic. The drug has partial agonist and antagonist activity against tryptaminergic, dopaminergic and alpha adrenergic receptors depending upon the site, and is highly active uterine stimulant. It causes constriction of peripheral and cranial blood vessels and producing depression of central vasomotor centers. The pain of a migraine attack is due to increased amplitude of pulsations in the cranial arteries, especially the meningeal branches of the external carotid artery. Ergotamine reduces extra cranial blood flow, causes a decline in the amplitude of pulsation in the cranial arteries, and decreases hyper perfusion of the territory of the basilar artery. It does not reduce cerebral hemispheric blood flow. Mechanism of Action: Ergotamine acts on migraine by one of the two proposed mechanisms: 1) activation of 5-HT1D receptors located on intracranial blood vessels, including those on arteriole-venous anastomoses, leads to vasoconstriction, which correlates with the relief of migraine, and 2) Activation of 5-HT1D receptors on sensory nerve endings of the trigeminal system which results in inhibition of pro-inflammatory neuropeptide release. Indication: For use as therapy to abort or prevent vascular type of headache, e.g., migraine, migraine variants, or so called histaminic cephalalgia. Toxicity: Signs of overexposure including irritation, nausea, vomiting, headache, diarrhea, thirst, coldness of skin, pruritus, weak pulse, numbness, tingling of extremities, and confusion. CYCLIZINE Chemical structure: Mol. Weight: Average: 266.38 Melting point: 105.5  °C State: solid state Water solubility: 1000 mg/L (at 25  °C) Half Life: 20 hours Pharmacology: Cyclizine is a piperazine derivative antihistamine used as antivertigo/antiemetic agent. Cyclizine is used in the prevention and treatment of nausea, vomiting, and dizziness associated with motion sickness. Additionally, it has been used in the management of vertigo in disease affecting the vestibular apparatus. The mechanism by which cyclizine exerts its antiemetic and antivertigo effects is not been fully elucidated, its central anticholinergic properties are partially responsible. The drug depresses labyrinth excitability and vestibular stimulation, and it may affects medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone. It also possesses anticholinergic, antihistaminic, central nervous system depressant, and local anesthetic effects. Mechanism of Action: Vomiting (emesis) is essentially a protective mechanism for removing irritant and harmful substances from the upper GI tract. Emesis is controlled by the vomiting centre in the medulla region of the brain, an important part of which is the chemotrigger zone (CTZ). The vomiting centre possesse neurons which are rich in muscarinic cholinergic and histamine containing synapses. These types of neurons are especially involved in transmission from the vestibular apparatus to the vomiting centre. Motion sickness involves overstimulation of the pathways due to various sensory stimuli. Hence the action of cyclizine which acts to block the histamine receptors in the vomiting centre and thus reducing the activity along these pathways. Furthermore since cyclizine possesses anti-cholinergic properties as well, the muscarinic receptors are similarly blocked. Indication: For prevention and treatment of the nausea, vomiting, and dizziness that are associated with motion sickness, and vertigo (dizziness caused by other medical problems). EXCIPIENT PROFILE MANNITOL Synonym: D –mannite, manna sugar, cordycepic acid, pearlitol. Emperical Formula: C6H14O6 Molecular Weight: Approx. 182.17 Description: Mannitol is a white , Odorless, crystalline powder or free flowing granules .It has sweet taste , approximately as sweet as glucose and half as sweet as sucrose, impart the cooling sensation in the mouth. Density, bulk: 0.430 g/cm3 for powder 0.7g/cm3for granules Density, tapped: 0.734gm /cm3for powder, 0.8gm/cm3 for granules. Solubility: Freely soluble in water, very slightly soluble in ethanol (96 per cent). It shows polymorphism. Incompatibility: Mannitol is incompatible with xytilol infusion and may form complexes with some metals such as aluminum, copper and iron. Mannitol was found to reduce bioavailability of cemitidine compared to sucrose. Handling precaution: Mannitol may be irritate to eye, eye protection is recommended. Uses: Diluents (10-90%w/w), mannitol is used as excipient in the manufacture of chewable tablet because of its negative heat of solution, sweetness and mouth feel. MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE Synonym: Cellulose gel, crystalline cellulose, Avicel PH 101, 102 Empirical Formula: (C6H10O5)n Molecular weight: Approx.36000 Description: Purified, partially depolymerised cellulose occurs as a white, tasteless odorless, crystalline, powder that is composed of porous particles available in different particle size grades with different properties , i.e. 101 ,102 Bulk Density: 0.28gm/cm 3 Tapped Density: 0.43gm/cm3 Solubility: Insoluble in water, dilute acids and most organic solvents .Slightly soluble in sodium hydroxide solution. Stability and storage condition: Stable and hygroscopic. Store in a well – closed container. Incompatibility: None cited in the literature. Handling precautions: No restrictions. Uses: Tablet binder / diluents (5-20%), tablet disintegrant (5-15%), tablet glidant (5-15%) antiadherent (5-20%), capsule diluents (10-30%) CROSSCARMELLOSE SODIUM In a cross linked polymer of carboxymethylcellulose sodium. Synonym: Ac-DI-Sol; Molecular formula: C8H16O8 Molecular weight: 240.20784 Description: It occurs as an odorless, white or grayish white powder. Density, bulk: 0.529gm/cm3 Density, tapped: 0.819gm/cm3 Stability and storage condition: It is stable though hygroscopic material, preserve in well closed container in cool and dry place. Incompatibilities: The efficacy of disintegration may be slightly reduced in tablet formulation prepared by either the wet granulation or direct compression that contains hygroscopic excipients such as Sorbitol. Handling precautions: It may be irritant to eye. Eye protection is recommended. Uses: It is used in oral pharmaceutical formulation as, a disintegrant for capsule, tablets, and granules. SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE Sodium salt of cross linked partly o- carboxymethylated potato starch.. Synonym: Carboxy methyl cellulose, sodium salt, exeplosol, explotab. Description: White or almost white free flowing powder, very hygroscopic. Density, bulk: 0.75gm/cm3 Density, tapped: 0.95gm/cm3 Solubility: Practically insoluble in Methylene chloride. It gives a translucent suspension in water. Stability and Storage: It is stable and should be stored in a well closed container in cool and dry place. Incompatibilities: It is incompatible with ascorbic acid. Handling precautions: Eye protection, glove and a dust mask are recommended. Uses: It is use in oral pharmaceutical formulation as a disintegrant for capsule, tablet, and granules. TALC It is hydrous magnesium silicate may contain a small amount of aluminium silicateand iron. Nonpropritery Name: Purified Talc (BP), Talc (JP), Talc (USP). Synonym: A talc, hydrous magnesium calcium silicate; powdered talc. Empirical Formula: Mg ­6 (Si2O5) (OH) 4 Description: A very fine, white to grayish-white, impalpable, odorless, crystalline powder. Adheres readily to skin soft to touch and free from grittiness. Density, bulk: 19gm/cm3 Density, tapped: 48gm/cm3 Solubility: Insoluble in water, organic solvents, cold acid. Stability and Storage: Stable, preserve in well closed container. Incompatibilities: It is incompatible with quaternary ammonium compounds. Handling Precaution: Eye protection, gloves, and respirator are recommended. Uses: It is use a s glidant, lubricant (1-10%), Diluents5-30%, Dusting powder 90-99% MAGNESIUM STEARATE Synonym: Metallic stearate; octadecanoic acid; magnesium salt; Stearic acid. Nonproprietary Name: Magnesium Stearate (BP); Magnesium Stearate (JP); Magnesium Stearate (USP). Empirical Formula: C36H70MgO4 Molecular Weight: 591.3 Description: Fine, white, precipitated or milled, impalpable powder of low bulk density. Odour and taste are slight but characteristic. The powder is readily adheres to the skin. Density, bulk: 0.519 gm/cm3 Density, tapped: 0.286gm/cm3 Melting point: 117-1500C Stability And Storage Condition: Stable, non self polymerisable, store in cool and dry place in a well closed container. Incompatibilities: Incompatable with strong acid substances, alkaline substances, iron salts, avoid mixing with strong oxidizing materials. Use with caution with drugs , which are incompatible with alkali. Uses: tablet and capsule lubricant, glidant or antiadherent (0.25-2.0%).(Brunye et al., 2010) (Mohammadi and Kanfer, 2005) (Shapiro and Cowan, 2006) (Tsutsumi et al., 2002)

The Causes of Ophelias Breakdown Essay -- English Literature Essays

The Causes of Ophelia's Breakdown The play Hamlet is known for its eccentric plot and warped sense of reality as well as its fanatical characters. Hamlet himself created all the drama in the play with his pretend â€Å"madness† and his emotional outbursts, which lead to the destruction of almost all of the characters in the play. The most notable self destruction came from Ophelia, Hamlet’s object of affection. During the play, Ophelia had undergone a lot of stress which lead her character to metamorphous. At the beginning of the play, Laertes spoke to his sweet, loving sister Ophelia about his departure of Denmark to go to England and also his concerns of she and Hamlet’s relationship. He warned her of what he thought Hamlet's true intentions were. â€Å"If with too credent ear you list his songs Or lose your heart or your chaste treasure open To his unmastered opportunity. Fear it, Ophelia; my dear sister.â€Å" (I.iii.34-37) He believed that Hamlet was only with her out of lust and Hamlet said that he wanted to marry her only so she would sleep with him. Laertes told her that Hamlet comes from a royal family and she does not, therefore Hamlet will not marry her, nor does he love her. Ophelia disregarded most of what Laertes had said about Hamlet. Right after that Polonius came to speak to Laertes before he had gone to England. They spoke briefly and Polonius gave him advice to follow. Before saying farewell, Laertes told Ophelia to remember what he had said. Curious of...

Positive Psychology in the Workplace

Positive Psychology in the Workplace Sandie Tharp University of Charleston English II Nada Najjar March 30th, 2013 Positive Psychology in the Workplace It has been proven that positive psychology in the workplace can improve and enhance workplace satisfaction because employees are more confident and are better able to manage stress and adversity. Employees that are happier with their work environment are typically more motivated and are more likely to pursue growth and development. Job satisfaction is an engine that drives organizations to success and keeps turnover rate to a minimum.An article from Harvard Business Review states that â€Å"a decade of research proves that happiness raises nearly every business and educational outcome: raising sales by 37%, productivity by 31%, and accuracy on tasks by 19%, as well as a myriad of health and quality of life improvements† (2011, Archor). Additionally, the author Archor asks if there is anything that a company can do to affect em ployee happiness and should a company invest resources into happiness. One avenue to happiness is using training as a tool that can be used to help employees to learn to manage stress.The first step is explaining the goal of the organization and how the employee contributes to that goal. Clear goals and expectations set out the mile post marking the marathon, by having clearly marked points of achievement for individuals or teams giving them a clear map to their success. It’s the manager’s responsibility to verify the goals of the team members, identify the common goal, and verify that they are in alignment with the organization goals. The King James Version of the Bible states â€Å"train up a child in the way he should go: and when he is old, he will not depart from it† (Proverbs. 2:6- King James Version). On the job training is the adult equivalent to raising a child. Putting subordinates on the path of success by providing the focus of the organizational ins tead of having the employee assuming or guessing about what to do causing stress and uncertainty. The economics of happiness in the workplace means that happy employees can help achieve organizational goals more easily because they are ready to give their best. Companies like Google and DreamWorks empower employees to use creative freedom in every day decision making.Google was a company that had to come up with a quick plan to reduce the turnover rate of their women employees because the turnover rate was affecting Google’s bottom line. In response, Google implemented a 5 month paid maternity plan, which gave new mothers the ability to take all the time upfront or to divide the time as needed. This new incentive plan reduced turnover by 50 percent among women and cost the firm no more than hiring a new employee. Google’s President Laszlo Bock, states â€Å"that if you factor in the savings in recruitment costs, granting mothers five months of leave doesn’t cos t Google any more money† (2013,Manjool).The new maternity policy that Google has implemented exemplifies why Google has become one of the best employers in the world, taking a major cause of employee turnover from a crippling weakness to a world class strength. Carolinas Healthcare is a system that contains 32 affiliated hospitals in North and South Carolina and is one of the leading healthcare systems in the southeast; Carolinas Healthcare employs over 44,000 employees. Managing such a large number of employees would be a challenge for any organization, but CHS has stepped up to the plate and has met that challenge and is leading the way for positive work environment.During a recent employee survey conducted by Morehead and Associates, CHS ranked in the 90th percentile in the national ranking of employee satisfaction. Carolinas Healthcare System already has a reputation of being â€Å"An Employer of Choice,† recognized by the JD Power and Associates in 2011† (201 2,Tarwater). This recognition has helped attracted top doctors and other medical professionals from all over the world. CHS concentrates on growth and expansion which helps generate excitement throughout the organization. Carolinas HealthCare System ecognizes that the employees are its most valuable asset and is dedicated to the growth and contentment of its employees. CHS recognizes that encouraging employees to continue educational growth will result in higher functioning, more competent workforce. Currently CHS offers an educational plan that reimburses employees for covered educational expenses and flexible scheduling around educational opportunities. Like Google with its maternity benefit, CHS has recognized that employees need and desire a clear path to growth and addresses this need with the educational assistance plan.Many organizations recognize the value of multiple bottom lines beyond monetary profit. Today the focus is on providing an environment based on positive intera ctions, outcomes and sustainability of the workforce. Organizations have come to realize that emotional intelligence and understanding is what allows employees to create positive interactions with customers and co-workers. According to Psych Central â€Å"research has shown that employees who are fully engaged in the work they do, and who have a sense of intrinsic motivation, are likely to perform better and a have better work outcomes† (2011, Wilner).To achieve these outcomes it is up to the organization to involve the employees and allow them to uncover their individual gifts and have the independence to use them for the common goals. Allowing employees to be involved gives them accountability for the success of the organization and a sense of pride, happiness and fulfillment. Positive psychology in the workplace can improve and enhance workplace satisfaction and have a positive impact on the organization’s bottom line. Companies like Google and Carolinas Healthcare understand the importance of a positive work environment.Both have provided pathways to fulfillment, whether through providing enhancement programs or through fostering positive interaction. Firms must continually look for avenues to promote growth, fulfillment and ultimately employee satisfaction if they are continue to improve the bottom line. It has been said that cheaper isn’t better; better is better. Today a better work force is cheaper than a cheap one. By continuing to harvest the fruits of a cohesive team built over time, an organization creates synergies that have a much greater return than the firm invests to create them. References Archor, S. (2011). â€Å"The Happiness Dividend†.Retrieved from http://blogs. hbr. org/cs/2011/06/the_happiness_dividend. html Bible – King James Version (1997). Proverbs 22:6. Hendrickson Publishers: Peabody. MA. Manjool, F. (2013). â€Å"Here's How Google Became Such A Great Place To Work. Retrieved from http://www. huf fingtonpost. com/2013/01/22/working-at-google_n_2526889. html Tarwater, M. (2012). â€Å"Employee Satisfaction†. Retrieved from www. carolinashealthcare. org Wilner, J. (2011). â€Å"5 Ways Positive Psychology can Improve the Workplace†. Retrieved from http://blogs. psychcentral. com/positive-psychology/2011/11/5-ways-positive-psychology-can-improve-the-workplace/

Free Essays on Managing Ethics

The organization of the future The organization of the future will be completely refined from the organization of today. Future organizations will focus more on three key aspects. These aspects include diversity, people (Human Resources), and technology. We all know that in order to manage it requires people. Man power is the key resource to any organization past, present or future. In order to understand the human resource of man power, we must first analyze the concept of diversity, and why it is so important. Though my research paper I emphasize how people, technology, and globalization are they key to business success. The main concept that I will stress is that above aspects all work together in the world of business. Why is organizational diversity important? Historically, diversity in the workplace has been recognized as an employment equity issue. Now, however, diversity in the workplace is being recognized as a benefit that will contribute to an organization’s bottom line. Increased employee and customer satisfaction end up as increased productivity, all of which are measurable outcomes (Bennis, 1997). Diversity goes beyond employment equity to nurturing an environment that values the differences and maximizes the potential of all employees, one that stimulates employee creativity and innovativeness (U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board (U.S. MSPB), 1993). To create an organizational culture that supports workforce diversity involves several important elements. These elements include a needs analysis, administrative and management support and commitment, education and training, culture and management systems changes and continuous follow-up and evaluation. Management is, by definition, getting things done through people. If managers are to increase productivity, reduce costs, and improve their organization's competitive advantage, they must focus on how to properly manage personnel. Creating effective motivation ... Free Essays on Managing Ethics Free Essays on Managing Ethics The organization of the future The organization of the future will be completely refined from the organization of today. Future organizations will focus more on three key aspects. These aspects include diversity, people (Human Resources), and technology. We all know that in order to manage it requires people. Man power is the key resource to any organization past, present or future. In order to understand the human resource of man power, we must first analyze the concept of diversity, and why it is so important. Though my research paper I emphasize how people, technology, and globalization are they key to business success. The main concept that I will stress is that above aspects all work together in the world of business. Why is organizational diversity important? Historically, diversity in the workplace has been recognized as an employment equity issue. Now, however, diversity in the workplace is being recognized as a benefit that will contribute to an organization’s bottom line. Increased employee and customer satisfaction end up as increased productivity, all of which are measurable outcomes (Bennis, 1997). Diversity goes beyond employment equity to nurturing an environment that values the differences and maximizes the potential of all employees, one that stimulates employee creativity and innovativeness (U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board (U.S. MSPB), 1993). To create an organizational culture that supports workforce diversity involves several important elements. These elements include a needs analysis, administrative and management support and commitment, education and training, culture and management systems changes and continuous follow-up and evaluation. Management is, by definition, getting things done through people. If managers are to increase productivity, reduce costs, and improve their organization's competitive advantage, they must focus on how to properly manage personnel. Creating effective motivation ...

The eNotes Blog 8 Summer Vacation Destinations forBooklovers

8 Summer Vacation Destinations forBooklovers School is out and so is the sun! Summer is finally here, and it’s time to start plotting a travel itinerary for your coveted vacation time. If you’re a bookworm eager to tackle your summer reading list, why not also visit the places that inspired your favorite literary works? From New Orleans to Chicago, we’re highlighting the top vacation destinations for traveling booklovers. Pack your essentials because once you visit these literary cities, you may never want to leave. Here are our top eight U.S.-based summer destinations for booklovers. Image via CBS Miami 1. Key West, FL Craving a tropical getaway this summer? Located in the heart of Old Town Key West, Ernest Hemingway’s former home and the feline legacy he left behind reside on a lush property close to the southern coast of the island. If you visit during mid July, you may stumble across hundreds of Hemingways roaming the streets for the Hemingway Days Festival. The celebration includes a commemoration of the author with poetry readings, a look-alike contest, and a unique take on Pamplonas Running of the Bulls. If you’re not a Hemingway fan, check out the other homes of writers that have lived the island life, including Tennessee Williams, Elizabeth Bishop, Robert Frost, and Shel Silverstein. Image via TripAdvisor 2. Salem, MA While Salem’s cultural identity is rooted in the infamous Salem Witch Trials of 1692, the city has transformed into an epicenter of New Age phenomena. Once the Puritan capital of the northeast, Salem has been the subject of classic literary works including Arthur Miller’s The Crucible and Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter. While visiting the city, take a tour of The House of Seven Gables to see the birthplace of Nathaniel Hawthorne and the setting for his famous novel. Be sure to also check out the Hawthorne Hotel, named after Hawthorne himself, and buy a souvenir at Salem’s Harry Potter-themed wand shop. Image via Wikipedia 3. San Francisco, CA Compiled of eclectic neighborhoods along the bay, San Francisco is an ideal city for a literary walking tour. Start your visit in North Beach, the outpost for members of the Beat Generation and grab an espresso at Caffe Trieste, a popular writing spot for Beat-figures like Gregory Corso and Alan Watts. Continue your tour with a stroll through the Jack Kerouac Alley before venturing into City Lights Books, the bookshop that published Allen Ginsbergs â€Å"HOWL†. Right next door to City Lights is Vesuvios, a local bar frequented by Neal Cassady and Jack Kerouac. If you make your way to Ocean Beach, you’ll witness the Pacific Coast landscape that inspired Jack London to write Martin Eden and the Robert Frost poem â€Å"Once by the Pacific†. Image via Merrimack Valley 4. Concord, MA Just outside of Boston lies the â€Å"birthplace of American transcendentalism.† Begin your visit with a tour of The Orchard House, the family home of Louisa May Alcott and the setting that inspired Little Women. Have a picnic by Walden Pond, take a stroll down the â€Å"Transcendentalist Trail,† or visit Thoreau’s carefully preserved cabin on the lake. At some point, be sure to read Susan Cheever’s American Bloomsburg, which highlights the literary world of Concord in the nineteenth century and the interconnected lives of Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Louisa May Alcott, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Margaret Fuller. Before you leave, pay a visit to the â€Å"Author’s Ridge† in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery where some of the most famous Concordian authors lay to rest. Image via TripSavvy 5. New Orleans, LA From Truman Capote to Eudora Welty, writers have flocked to New Orleans for centuries not only for the jazz and gumbo but also to gain inspiration for their latest literary endeavors. Hop on a streetcar (preferably one named â€Å"Desire†) and visit the homes of Tennessee Williams and Anne Rice. While roaming the French Quarter, pop into Faulkner House Books, formerly the home of William Faulkner himself. If you want to extend your visit overnight, try booking a room at the Hotel Monteleone, one of only three literary landmark hotels in the country, and have a drink at its famed Carousel Bar. Image via The Baltimore Sun   6. Baltimore, MD Baltimore may seem like an unlikely destination for literature lovers, but there’s a reason it’s known as â€Å"Charm City.† The most notable literary figure that hails from Baltimore is Edgar Allan Poe. Take a tour of Poe’s home, visit his grave, and grab a bite at the Annabel Lee Tavern, a themed bar named after his last poem. Poe isn’t the only literary icon that has spent time writing and living in Baltimore. You can visit the homes of Gertrude Stein, F. Scott Fitzgerald, H.L. Mencken, and John H.B. Latrobe. Perhaps you’ll even bump into Madison Smartt Bell or Alice McDermott, who still reside in Baltimore teaching a few lucky students attending the local universities. Image via Behance 7. New York City, NY The birthplace of the Harlem Renaissance and The New York Intellectuals, there’s no denying that the Big Apple has a literary culture that runs vast and deep. The city is a mecca for literary enthusiasts with a seemingly endless list of things to do. You can take a Literary Walk through Central Park, visit the Poe Cottage, or visit the Central Park Carousel like Holden Caulfield. Stop by the Round Table Room at the The Algonquin Hotel, which hosted members of the Vicious Cycle including Dorothy Parker and Simone de Beauvoir. The Plaza is another landmark hotel and favorite of F. Scott Fitzgerald. It’s famous for hosting Truman Capote’s Black and White Ball and is the setting for the popular childrens’ book series Eloise. Before you depart, be sure to grab a drink at The White Horse Tavern, a popular watering hole for Beat writers, including Jack Kerouac who was kicked out on numerous occasions. Image via YoChicago 8. Chicago, IL The Windy City is another urban hub for bibliophiles. Philip Roth and Kurt Vonnegut both got their starts within a few years of each other at the University of Chicago. There are quite a few house tours you can take in Chicago, including Hemingway’s first home, the Carl Sandburg House, and Lorraine Hansberry’s House. If you’re a history buff, check out the Devil in the White City Tour to learn the history of 1893 World’s Fair serial killer H. H. Holmes. Take a stroll through Nelson Algren’s favorite Neighborhood, Wicker Park, or venture to Oz Park dedicated to Frank L. Baum. There’s a lot to see in the Second City, so be sure to reference Chicago’s Literary Hall of Fame for special events and a map of literary Chicago. Wherever your travels may take you, be sure to slap on the sunscreen, bring home a souvenir, and savor the flavors of summer!

Countdown to Preschool

Countdown to Preschool Free Online Research Papers Before their first son, Sambhav turned two, our friend Anand his wife Shilpa started shopping for preschools. They asked around, looked and explored every option. The school they settled on seemed like dream. The building was fantastic, class small, teachers were warm and experienced. Moreover, the playground and activities looked like so much fun, Anand wanted to go there himself! Unfortunately, Sambhav did not. We all were surprised and astonished that a child like Sambhav, who was so playful, cheerful always, started all tantrums the day he was introduced to preschool. His mother came to me, tears in her eyes saying, â€Å"Amar, he is too young for all this†. She always felt guilty, anxious, was sad that he cries. Even I had seen tears in Anand’s eyes, guilt in his expressions whenever he picked Sambhav from Preschool. Will he hate me for putting him away? Are the teachers experienced to handle HIM? I know him; he will vomit out if he cries too much. Would he be comfortable there? I am unable to see his face ready to cry. I am not doing good to him. So many questions only one reply from the teachers. He will be comfortable, Give him some time to adjust. Really, it was a very hard time for Anand Shilpa as it took almost one month before Sambhav really settled in the preschool. What went wrong? What could they have done to avoid such a traumatic extreme emotional time for them? I was getting ready for my own son Ketan. We tend to learn a lot from our others experiences. The other one is always a better choice, specifically with parenting. I read a lot about preschools, getting ready for preschools, many books on preschool. Barbara willer, PhD, dy. Executive director of National Association for the education of young children in Washington D.C says, â€Å"For many children, going to preschool is their first big experience being away from home parents†. She explains even those kids who are very receptive and smiling have to adjust to a new place, new leader, new friends, new rules and a fear of Unknown. As the days for Ketan to go to preschool came nearer, I was getting myself ready for all tantrums. All those experiences of my friends helped me to prepare him for preschool. He went readily to play, enjoy, learn new things happily. Over a period, I understood the importance of Preschool. Perhaps understood the need ways of getting the child really feel good to go to preschool. Until a few year back, we used to say, â€Å" We mould his future†, but since our children started going in preschools now schools we say, â€Å"We help him mould his future.† However, we all would like you to say, â€Å"We help them mold their future†. You as a parent of a toddler too must be worried about his preschool days. You may worry about him missing you, staying safe, making friends, having fun, and getting along with the teachers. There is a lot you can do to make sure day one for preschool goes off without a hitch. Let us call it the COUNTDOWN FOR PRESCHOOL. The trick is to start preparing your child with a bit – bit of information giving him sufficient time for processing this information. We have observed a two-week preparation before the D-Day for preschool is sufficient. Let us know what we did -Two weeks before Talk about it. A brief but positive introduction is all that is usually necessary. Our communication will help them to get prepared for preschool. Do not give examples of kids who have been crying throwing tantrums. Brief him that he is growing up is getting old enough to go to the preschool. Let him remember the good time he had sometimes enjoyed with friends relatives. â€Å"You’ll get to play with other kids. You will have snacks teacher will read storybooks for you. You’ll enjoy†. Do not tell him how you or for that matter any one you know have been throwing tantrums for not going to preschool. Go for a preschool tour. Point out the preschool casually whenever you pass by or drive the way. Take the privilege of the visiting hours, most of the preschools offer just before the new school year begins. Children tend to have the fear of unknown as do most of the adults so by having a tour you can relieve a great deal of anxiety- both yours your child’s. The visiting hours allow one or more kids to come play at the preschool. We do provide a tour for per-school at our pre-school. They have friends when they come in on the first day. You may even bring camera take photos of all. -One week before Count the days. Your child does not understand what you mean by two days or two weeks. So explain him that when papa goes to office after Sunday holiday he would go to preschool. Starts marking a tick on the calendar till the D-Day. Adjust sleep schedules. If your child tends to stay awake late at night or wake up late in the morning, you should start adjusting his sleep times, so he will not be exhausted on the first few days of the preschool. Start making your child sleep 15 minutes early wake him up 15 minutes early. Start new routines. Another option with the children whose parents feel that they will have a Hard transition time is to find out the preschool snack time, lunch naps time. Therefore, you can mirror the school day at home. â€Å"Let us have our snack at 10:30 today, just as they do it in you new preschool† Or â€Å"its 12:00 and time to rest a while because it will be the rest time in your preschool. Learning the routine is important because children will always feel more secure comfortable when they know prior exactly what to expect. Serve the lunch in the similar Tiffin box she will be using at preschool. It will be easier for her to open up eat the sandwiches you gave. Specially talk about using potty. If your child is not trained yet, discuss what she will do if she gets wet. Buy something special with them. With our second child Tanvi we made it a point to go to the preschool see the dress, bag they prefer, water bottle convient for her. We purchased the items they informed to bring, way before the school opened the rush started last hour. We took both Ketan Tanvi along with us. Purchased the things required along with them a song note â€Å"School Chale Hum†. She was so excited about using her new backpack wearing her new shoes that she could not wait for the preschool to begin. The day before Take it easy. Keep the day before preschool as calm and relaxing as possible for you your child. Do not plan things too exciting or do not go for outing a day before, to tire your child out. Start with simple questions, â€Å" I think we’re al ready for preschool tomorrow. Can you think of anything we have forgotten?† Address her concern. If you child asks a question, please take it seriously. Avoid comments like, â€Å"Don’t be silly!† and â€Å"that’s ridiculous† Don’t make try to make him too relaxed by saying, â€Å"don’t worry, everything would be fine.† Surely its fine for you, not for him. Tell him the truth, saying â€Å"it can be hard for you to make friends immediately. But tomorrow you’ll meet lots of kids, and if you find one like you, we’ll call him to play with us at home.† Make a plan. Before your child goes to bed that day, be sure you take out the things he is going to wear, take along at preschool. Make some decisions together. What will she wear tomorrow? What she will eat at breakfast tomorrow? Who is going to drop pick her up? It is a good idea to lay all the things on the bed so that she sees can feel al that she has to wear take. Moreover, you too do not loose control over the situation by searching things on time. While packing, her things be sure you give her a group photograph of the family or a toy she loves most, to be taken to preschool. Let the child have something in her â€Å"psychological pocket† Before going to bed please say the last tip, â€Å" tomorrow you will wake up at 7:30. I will make you parathas or the thing you wish to have for breakfast. You will brush your teeth. You will put on new lovely clothes. You will take the lunch box. We will get on our Honda. And I will take you to preschool. Let her know what you will be doing when she is at preschool. â€Å"While you’re doing your work at preschool, Papa will be doing his work at office.† The D-Day a Big day Do not rush. Do not let your excitement percolate in the child. Be calm relaxed as possible. The best way is to keep your emotions as normal as possible. Do not shout at him if he drops milk cup, dribbles sauce on the dress, you should have a fallback plan ready. Dear friends, with children this young, its really important to do whatever you can to make this transition to preschool feel safe positive. With out a successful separation, its difficult to built Childs independence readiness to learn. On the way to preschool, surely a happy, gay rhythmic song helps the child to reduce her tension. I remember we always sang, â€Å"School chale hum, ho ho ho ho ho ho ho -.† Start a ritual of praying in a temple or just saying â€Å"Jai bajrangbali† on the way to preschool. It will help the transition from home to school. Stick around. Do not worry even if you do all the above and your child tries to cling to you. Not ready to get down and go in the preschool. Do not force him. Instead, let him play around. Be there for some time. Stick around. Be there. If necessary, ask for help. Teachers there have seen many kids from smile to frown and many tantrums. They have been trained to be calm patient. In fact, do not be disappointed by his crying. All kids are different and all take their own time to adjust. We need to communicate the right thing. Do not sneak out. If your child is happily engaged, you tempt to give a slip sneak away. Do not violate his trust. You must not leave him without saying goodbye. Instead go over and give a hug a kiss to say goodbye, tell her when you will, be back. Example: â€Å" After you have your snacks, a little nap, and teacher reads you a story, I will be waiting for you.† After you leave, do not worry. In fact, if you check with the teacher later on, you will probably discover that the tears disappeared as you go. Good teachers are always alert to make sure children say good-bye. Do not be late. Keep your word. Children need to feel confident from the beginning that they can count on you to come back, and to come when you said you would. Also, do not get too excited how your child will greet you. While some children will rush to their parents, some tend to avoid them. Their negative reactions do not necessarily mean they had a bad day. Ketan always used to talk, shout but now Tanvi just comes and hugs. Ok they have their own ways to say hello. All children have different tolerance levels, and many are physically and emotionally exhausted after a day at preschool. Therefore, they need a chance to blow off steam and cool down. Begin a ritual. We used to drink juice on the way back to home for one month. Spending 300 Rupees for a happy start to learning process is nothing. You can stop at a garden on the way. Move along the footpath, see a beautiful building, show your own school and do many things while driving back home. Helping your child end his preschool day on a calm, relaxing note will make it much easier for him to separate again. Believe me, CHILDHOOD IS NOT PREPARATION FOR LIFE, CHILDHOOD IS LIFE Lets help them live it better. Research Papers on Countdown to PreschoolStandardized TestingHip-Hop is ArtPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThe Spring and AutumnThe Fifth HorsemanEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XTrailblazing by Eric AndersonAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia

Ugenics Revisited - Genetic Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ugenics Revisited - Genetic Engineering - Essay Example Initially Galton presented the eugenics concept but later many of the scientists worked on it just because of its importance. Like many other unique concepts, eugenics also faced criticism for many other expert scientists and public. At the top of the list, the critics claim the concept and practices of eugenics as unethical and immoral practice for the society. According to their opinion, the practices of eugenics are misused and misunderstood by different people. In addition to these opinions, many other expert scientists are of the opinion that the eugenics practices may give rise to many of the genetically diseases. These diseases are severe and thus cause problems in the entire future generation of the mating people. Due to the increase in the likelihood of these diseases caused by eugenics practices, there is a possibility that the gene variation may get disturbed. The concept of natural selection and genetic engineering is same i.e. the acquiring of the most desired set of traits and characteristics. The only difference is that natural selection is a nature’s ultimate process while the genetic engineering is an optional and artificial process, which anyone can choose on his own opinion (Bradshaw, 2006). For this reason, it is said that selective breeding is different from the natural breeding, though the basic aim or purpose is same behind both these tools or we can say practices. Genetic engineering is very vast field as it includes many of the gene mutations e.g. a human gene inserted in the goat or sheep, a monkey or frog gene inserted in the shrubs and herbs, a spider gene inserted in the goat and a tree gene inserted in the banana fruit. All of these gene mutations come under the head of genetic engineering, which is different from natural selection in this regard. In addition to this genetic engineering can benefit many other are as of life e.g. the growth of such crops, which do not need fertilizers and can bear the heat of

An account on urban food security and agricultural readjustment Essay

An account on urban food security and agricultural readjustment - Essay Example Underpinning the dramatic increases in production capacity. This change, effects of which spread throughout the world, had an enormous impact on society. Along with the industrial revolution the socioeconomic evolution was triggered. The unfolding of the evolution carried the people of the nations through the diverse levels of socioeconomic life, also in the mean time opening up further fields of employment opportunities thereof bearing more elaborate societal and national classifications. Just as a new occupation based distinction between compatriots was generated by the industrial revolution, a division of labor distinguishes the countries of the globalized world. The socioeconomic classification of the so called NIC (newly industrialized country) applies to myriad countries across the globe. Countries defined as NICs are those with economic standards that are yet to reach the first world status but at the same time have surpassed their developing counterparts and are characterized by the rapid economic growth their nation is undergoing. Predominantly export-oriented initial or ongoing industrialization process is the vital determinant of this rapid growth. Many of the newly industrialized countries and developing countries, face social upheaval primarily occurring as more and more people migrate to urban areas. The growing number of rising concerns in manufacturing and factories in the cities enable the accommodation of thousands of laborers. Thereby drawing out the workforce of cultivation. The same also marks the transformation of developing countries as more and more people switch from agriculture to industrial sectors. At the preliminary stage; the social freedom and civil rights, increasingly open market economy, freedom to trade with any nation of the world, whopping foreign investments and large scale corporations operations in almost all the continents come across as the shared

Comparing and Contrasting 4 states in Middle East Essay

Comparing and Contrasting 4 states in Middle East - Essay Example Crane was in favor of a Palestinian state, and made several declarations in contra of the Balfour Declaration, which called for the creation of the Jewish state. Israel was actually the brainchild of Theodore Herzl, â€Å"†¦who founded the Zionist political movement.†2 â€Å"On 29 November 1947, the United Nations (UN) General Assembly voted in favor of [Partition Resolution (UN Res. 181)]†¦replacing the British mandate with two independent states†¦The UN partition resolution laid down a timetable for the termination of the British mandate and for the establishment of [both] Jewish [and] Arab state[s]†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 3 Relations between the West and the Middle East were not always entirely contentious. In the McMahon-Hussein Correspondence between Sir Henry McMahon (the British High Commissioner in Egypt) and the Sharif of Mecca (Hussein bin Ali), the two men discussed the political future of the Middle East—McMahon encouraging an Arab revolt within the Ott oman Empire, since it had sided with Germany as an ally. Speaking of the Middle East, the Masjid-e-Suleiman was The Mosque of Solomon—the site where a large amount of oil was located. Palestine was a former British colony. Lebanon was a former French colony. The Druzes migrated due to the civil war in Lebanon in the 1860s. The Maydan Quarter of Damascus and the Druze was basically a riot over grain that led to a rise in Arab nationalism in Syria. In Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Egypt—there were a bunch of â€Å"Accommodationist Notables†, wealthy prominents who were considered to have stakes in controlling mandates in the Middle East. With the advent of the Bombing of the King David Hotel (carried out by Irgun, which, like Lehi was a Zionist paramilitary organization), there were Britons, Arabs, Jews, and others killed. What had happened was that Irgun had been given a mandate by a man named Moshe Sneh. He ordered his men to dress up—one man as a Sudanese, ot her men as Arabs—in order to pass security. Someone warned the Palestine Post that the bombing was about to occur. Also, the French consulate was apparently warned in advance. However, the appropriate warnings did not go off in the Hotel, which was owned by Jewish nationals. The bombing lit off a firestorm in Britain. The bombing was decried, and Irgun was called a terrorist organization. This was done partly because Zionist Jews wanted to make a statement against a Nazi-British alliance. Anti-Jewish sentiment was also strong in Britain, and Britain’s occupancy of the Palestinian state only served to deepen the divide between Britain and what would one day become Israel. In fact, the Irgun organization would one day have their members absorbed into the state of Israel’s Likud party, which has somehow been involved in every major election in Israel since the early 1950s. Speaking about divisions of land in the Middle East, The Sykes-Picot Agreement was basically an Anglo-French agreement post-World War I that followed a previous agreement which carved Syria, Kurdistan, Acre, and Haifa between Russia, Britain, an unnamed Arab state, as well as Palestine. The pilfering of land would not be unique to the Middle East, however. Operation Barbarossa was Nazi Germany’s invasion of Soviet Union territory in 1941, Hitler claiming that his people needed more space. Hitler would continue to invade most of Western Europe and a large part of Eastern Europe. However, when he tried to march against Russia, his soldiers found themselves not

How unsustainable the American economy is Essay

How unsustainable the American economy is - Essay Example Unemployment is a major issue in America and the current rate of unemployment is over 9% in the country, when Barack Obama took over as the President of America it was about 7%. This also goes to show that the promises he made were not fulfilled, employment will be generated when the economy recovers but it is showing no signs of recovery and this is certainly bad news for America and all its citizens. This is also bad news for the whole world because the recent events have left European countries in complete disarray. The Euro zone crisis have escalated ever since recession started taking its toll, Greece and Spain stand on the verge of defaulting. â€Å"In my view what is happening in Greece is just the tip of an iceberg.   With private debt in many parts of the world, we socialize these private losses.   Now with large budget deficits in Europe, in Japan, in the United States.   The bond market vigilantes have woken up in Greece, in Portugal, in Spain. At some point they're going to wake up in the U.K., in Japan, in the United States.   We're running a 3.5 budget deficit.   It is obviously over time not sustainable.† (The US Economy is Unsustainable) The FED has certainly failed to do its job; recession was a classic example of the same. There is absolutely zero discipline. Excessive borrowing was encouraged by the FED and the same resulted in damage beyond repair and now also the same thing continues. Deflation still exists; interest rates are still really low. There is no market discipline which directly suggests that the economy is unsustainable. There are far too many fiscal problems in the US, a country like US does not even have the option of defaulting available at its disposal but if the same thing continues we might witness high inflation in the near future which will be really bad for America and all its citizens. Riots may even occur when the unemployment rate in the country goes further up but this is highly unlikely because the unemployed have something called a safety net with the help of which they receive some compensation. Things are looking really bad for the economy of the US and all its citizens, it is not doom and gloom yet but something concrete needs to be done about it and it needs to be done sooner rather than later. â€Å"The recent deep recession and the subsequent slow recovery have created severe budgetary pressures not only for many households and businesses, but for governments as well. Indeed, in the United States, governments at all levels are grappling not only with the near-term effects of economic weakness, but also with the longer-run pressures that will be generated by the need to provide health care and retirement security to an aging population. There is no way around it–meeting these challenges will require policymakers and the public to make some very difficult decisions and to accept some sacrifices.† (FED Chief Ben Bernanke Calls US Economy Unsustainable) Ben Be rnanke the Chief of the Federal Reserve has little faith in the economy of the US and the same speaks volumes about the mismanagement of the Federal Reserve. There are a lot of unidentified liabilities which add to the already mounting debt, liabilities like social

FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS - Assignment Example Another part of the paper presents the qualitative interpretation of the quantitative results. That is, the interpretation of the company’s ratio results and their significance. Lastly, a summary of the company’s financial position as reflected by the analysis has been produced together with a suitable plan of action. The overview of Procter and Gamble The company, based in the United States, is focused in manufacturing branded consumer products. The company’s main objective is the provision of products and services that are of high quality and value to help improve the well-being of both current and future generations. The company’s mission is formulated based on two objectives. That is, the profit maximization and shareholder wealth creation. The company has a widespread market covering more than 180 countries across the world. The company reaches the customer through the establishment of various outlets such as grocery stores, Merchandisers, drug stores , membership club stores and the neighborhood stores. Currently, the company’s financial performance is still below the investor’s expectations. ... analysis, the following tools have been selected: profitability measures, asset turnover, the inventory turnover, debtor’s collection period, creditor’s collection period, liquidity measures, the analysis of ROE drivers, Common size analysis, the growth analysis, and industrial analysis. The profitability ratio shows the performance of a firm regarding its ability to generate income from the investments. The efficiency ratio indicates the ease with which a firm utilizes its resources in order to generate revenue. The liquidity ratio would indicate the ability of a firm to meet its short-term needs. The common size present the expression of financial statement items as a percentage of another key item. In other words, the expression of all the balance sheet items as a percentage of the total assets. DuPont analysis presents the relationship between ROE drivers. The analysis is used to identify the level of performance of particular processes in a company. A companyâ€⠄¢s growth analysis is the percentage change of financial items based on a base period. Finally, the peer analysis is the comparison between the industrial average performance and the performance of a company [All the mathematical proofs are in the excel file] (Beyer 88-156). Summary of the quantitative analysis The balance sheet analysis – the total current assets decreased in the year 2009 as compared to the figure in the year 2008. The figure decreased by $ 2,610,000. The decrease can be attributed to the decrease in the value of account receivables in that year. Secondly, the decrease could be because of the reduced amount of work in progress. Thirdly, the decreased amount of finished goods also led to the decrease in the level of current assets. The shareholder’s equity decrease in the year by $

Managing Eastman Kodaks New Environment Case Study

Managing Eastman Kodaks New Environment - Case Study Example The appointment of CEO Antonio Perez, in 2003, with his commitment to the "worldwide transformation of Kodak from a business based on film to one based primarily on digital technologies" (Marcial 2007) may well be the answer to Kodak's woes. Will Eastman Kodak under the leadership of CEO Perez succeed to manage its new environment According to Michael Porter's five forces model of industry analysis, the points to consider are (1) Rivalry, (2) Threat of Substitutes, (3) Buyer Power, (4) Supplier Power, and (5) Barriers to Entry. (QuickMBA 2007) Under Perez, Kodak realized that the company needed to reinvent and reposition itself. It was no longer the technological giant of the photography, film and film processing industry, because that industry was in danger of extinction with the changes in the technological environment and consumers' appreciation of those changes. Perez steered Kodak into entering the digital photography market and faced fierce competition from Sony and Canon. (Marcial 2007) Kodak launched EasyShare, its family of digital cameras, which was widely praised. But it failed to anticipate how "fast these digital cameras would become commodities, with low profit margins, as every competitor raced into the market. Perez had counted on rising demand for traditional photography in China to slow the fall. But China went digital as fast as everybody else While blazing growth of camera sales has helped blunt the effects of Kodak's fast-fading film revenues, it hasn't replaced the rich profits of the film business P erez realized that he had championed a dramatic change only to find it wasn't the right model for turning the company around." (Hamm, Symonds 2007) Perez had succeeded in addressing its rivals in the digital camera market and even surpassed targets in camera sales but this was not the answer to Kodak's problems. According to Porter, the next force to contend with is the threat of substitutes. (QuickMBA 2007). In Kodak's case, even with its digital camera rivals, it did not have to contend with threats of substitutes but rather, current industry players had to contend with Kodak, as did Sony and Canon in the milieu of digital cameras. And since digital cameras did not prove to be the answer that Kodak was looking for, CEO Perez, with his expertise gleaned from Hewlett-Packard, sought to threaten yet another in Kodak's quest for answers to its problems. According to Symonds in a Business Week article, printing could be Kodak's brightest hope for the future with its $2.1 billion investment in the commercial printing market. "And its technology could prove nearly as important an evolution in printmaking as movable type -- allowing for mass customization on unprecedented scales." (Symonds 2006) In this arena, again Kodak had to face tough competition from leaders Xerox and Hewlett-Packard, but "Kodak has pulled together a broader portfolio than rivals by picking up everything from the software and plates printers need to get a job started to the presses needed to complete it." (Symonds 2006) So, it wasn't so much that Kodak had to deal with the threats of substitutes but rather it had to work on becoming a potent threat itself to dislodge

How unsustainable the American economy is Essay

How unsustainable the American economy is - Essay Example Unemployment is a major issue in America and the current rate of unemployment is over 9% in the country, when Barack Obama took over as the President of America it was about 7%. This also goes to show that the promises he made were not fulfilled, employment will be generated when the economy recovers but it is showing no signs of recovery and this is certainly bad news for America and all its citizens. This is also bad news for the whole world because the recent events have left European countries in complete disarray. The Euro zone crisis have escalated ever since recession started taking its toll, Greece and Spain stand on the verge of defaulting. â€Å"In my view what is happening in Greece is just the tip of an iceberg.   With private debt in many parts of the world, we socialize these private losses.   Now with large budget deficits in Europe, in Japan, in the United States.   The bond market vigilantes have woken up in Greece, in Portugal, in Spain. At some point they're going to wake up in the U.K., in Japan, in the United States.   We're running a 3.5 budget deficit.   It is obviously over time not sustainable.† (The US Economy is Unsustainable) The FED has certainly failed to do its job; recession was a classic example of the same. There is absolutely zero discipline. Excessive borrowing was encouraged by the FED and the same resulted in damage beyond repair and now also the same thing continues. Deflation still exists; interest rates are still really low. There is no market discipline which directly suggests that the economy is unsustainable. There are far too many fiscal problems in the US, a country like US does not even have the option of defaulting available at its disposal but if the same thing continues we might witness high inflation in the near future which will be really bad for America and all its citizens. Riots may even occur when the unemployment rate in the country goes further up but this is highly unlikely because the unemployed have something called a safety net with the help of which they receive some compensation. Things are looking really bad for the economy of the US and all its citizens, it is not doom and gloom yet but something concrete needs to be done about it and it needs to be done sooner rather than later. â€Å"The recent deep recession and the subsequent slow recovery have created severe budgetary pressures not only for many households and businesses, but for governments as well. Indeed, in the United States, governments at all levels are grappling not only with the near-term effects of economic weakness, but also with the longer-run pressures that will be generated by the need to provide health care and retirement security to an aging population. There is no way around it–meeting these challenges will require policymakers and the public to make some very difficult decisions and to accept some sacrifices.† (FED Chief Ben Bernanke Calls US Economy Unsustainable) Ben Be rnanke the Chief of the Federal Reserve has little faith in the economy of the US and the same speaks volumes about the mismanagement of the Federal Reserve. There are a lot of unidentified liabilities which add to the already mounting debt, liabilities like social

Managing Eastman Kodaks New Environment Case Study

Managing Eastman Kodaks New Environment - Case Study Example The appointment of CEO Antonio Perez, in 2003, with his commitment to the "worldwide transformation of Kodak from a business based on film to one based primarily on digital technologies" (Marcial 2007) may well be the answer to Kodak's woes. Will Eastman Kodak under the leadership of CEO Perez succeed to manage its new environment According to Michael Porter's five forces model of industry analysis, the points to consider are (1) Rivalry, (2) Threat of Substitutes, (3) Buyer Power, (4) Supplier Power, and (5) Barriers to Entry. (QuickMBA 2007) Under Perez, Kodak realized that the company needed to reinvent and reposition itself. It was no longer the technological giant of the photography, film and film processing industry, because that industry was in danger of extinction with the changes in the technological environment and consumers' appreciation of those changes. Perez steered Kodak into entering the digital photography market and faced fierce competition from Sony and Canon. (Marcial 2007) Kodak launched EasyShare, its family of digital cameras, which was widely praised. But it failed to anticipate how "fast these digital cameras would become commodities, with low profit margins, as every competitor raced into the market. Perez had counted on rising demand for traditional photography in China to slow the fall. But China went digital as fast as everybody else While blazing growth of camera sales has helped blunt the effects of Kodak's fast-fading film revenues, it hasn't replaced the rich profits of the film business P erez realized that he had championed a dramatic change only to find it wasn't the right model for turning the company around." (Hamm, Symonds 2007) Perez had succeeded in addressing its rivals in the digital camera market and even surpassed targets in camera sales but this was not the answer to Kodak's problems. According to Porter, the next force to contend with is the threat of substitutes. (QuickMBA 2007). In Kodak's case, even with its digital camera rivals, it did not have to contend with threats of substitutes but rather, current industry players had to contend with Kodak, as did Sony and Canon in the milieu of digital cameras. And since digital cameras did not prove to be the answer that Kodak was looking for, CEO Perez, with his expertise gleaned from Hewlett-Packard, sought to threaten yet another in Kodak's quest for answers to its problems. According to Symonds in a Business Week article, printing could be Kodak's brightest hope for the future with its $2.1 billion investment in the commercial printing market. "And its technology could prove nearly as important an evolution in printmaking as movable type -- allowing for mass customization on unprecedented scales." (Symonds 2006) In this arena, again Kodak had to face tough competition from leaders Xerox and Hewlett-Packard, but "Kodak has pulled together a broader portfolio than rivals by picking up everything from the software and plates printers need to get a job started to the presses needed to complete it." (Symonds 2006) So, it wasn't so much that Kodak had to deal with the threats of substitutes but rather it had to work on becoming a potent threat itself to dislodge

Jane Eyre and Social Class Essay Example for Free

Jane Eyre and Social Class Essay Life is made up of routines and patterns. Every human being has their own unique system of how they carry themselves through the day. These systems are how we survive, and they tend to become part of our subconscious. But there are those who get so caught up in their own conformity that daily life becomes much more demanding than it should be. The results of this perpetual routine can cause someone to forget who they are as a person, and what they are meant to do outside of daily life. Due to the foreboding repetition of their own daily lives, the protagonists in both Hamlet and Waiting for Godot neglect their true purpose, which suggests holding back can be destructive to oneself. In Waiting for Godot, Vladimir and Estragon experience each day as it passes without any happenings and with this transition comes their demise. The pair can be described as two interchangeable characters who share the same routine. Even from the beginning of the play, Vladimir and Estragon often argue back and forth. VLADIMIR. It hurts? ESTRAGON. Hurts? He wants to know if it hurts! VLADIMIR. No one ever suffers but you. I don’t count. I’d like to hear what you’d say if you had what I have. ESTRAGON. It hurts? VLADIMIR. It hurts! He wants to know if it hurts! (Beckett 3). Textual repetition between the two is already a sign of something repeating in the lives of our protagonists. Following the basic structure of all stories there is conflict, and with conflict comes the desire to leave. ESTRAGON. Let’s go. VLADIMIR. We can’t. ESTRAGON. Why not? VLADIMIR. We’re waiting for Godot. (Beckett 8). The act of waiting is redefined by the two men who do it day by day. There is no evidence of whom or what Godot is, or what he means to the men. We do not see that there are any physical barriers that are preventing Vladimir and Estragon from getting up and moving on with their lives. All that matters is that everything in the finite lives of these two men depends on the arrival of this mysterious figure. A radical version of Vladimir and Estragon is seen in the characters of Pozzo and Lucky, who have a daily reappearance in the lives of Vladimir and Estragon. Pozzo is the extreme version of Vladimir, since he is the impulsive, more right-brained one. Lucky is the extreme version of Estragon, since he is the left-brained, more intellectual of the two. However, they represent getting through life with someone else just like Estragon and Vladimir. Relating Pozzo and Lucky even more so to Vladimir and Estragon, Pozzo also has a moment of doubt as to whether or not he shall leave this place. â€Å"I don’t seem to be able†¦ (long hesitation)†¦ to depart.† (Beckett 50). The uncertainty of leaving anticipates the same way that Vladimir and Estragon are left waiting at the end of each act. Despite actually admitting that he can’t seem to leave, Pozzo actually does manage to leave, unlike Vladimir and Estragon who remain even as the curtain falls. In Pozzo and Lucky there is an extreme reflection of Vladimir and Estragon, while the messenger represents false hope. He comes only to tell the pair â€Å"Mr. Godot told me to tell you he won’t come this evening but certainly to-morrow.† (Beckett 55). After learning of this, Vladimir and Estragon acknowledge that they both want to leave. The dialogue of â€Å"We’re waiting for Godot† repeats, yet the fact that â€Å"Godot† is not coming tonight is still not strong enough for them to take any direct action. Instead they are left to wait upon their fate from someone or something else to act on. As Hamlet becomes more obsessed with avenging his father, he begins to see more of his own downfall as time passes. Seeing the ghost of his father raises Hamlet’s suspicions of the whole kingdom. Thinking that people will write it off as grief, Hamlet acts strangely, hoping that this will help him catch Cladius as the one who murdered his father. But all this acting and waiting takes up precious time that Hamlet simply does not have, especially as a prince who is not living up to all of his potential. At the same time,  his lover, Ophelia, is forbidden to see him. Ophelia’s father Polonius takes notice of Hamlet’s apparent madness, and tells the king and queen â€Å"Your noble son is mad/ Mad I call it /for, to define true madness, / what is’t but to be nothing else but mad?† (II.ii.92-94). Now it is more about just Hamlet acting mad as a means of trying to catch Cladius, but his madness becomes so realistic that other people in the kingdom take n otice. When Cladius later inquires Hamlet about his state of mind, he replies that he is â€Å"Excellent, i’faith/of the chameleon’s dish/ I eat the air/ promise-crammed† (III.ii.84-86). Since it is not the typical response one would give when one is asked about how they are doing, it only serves to further confirm the fear that Hamlet is going mad. These outrageous acts only push Hamlet further away from his true self. The central point of Hamlet’s waiting and delaying of action is expressed with his â€Å"To be or not to be† soliloquy. A significant amount of time is passing, and Hamlet has thus seen the ghost of his father and knows what he must do. Yet he asks himself about suicide, and weighs the moral outcomes of living and dying. â€Å"Whether ’tis nobler in the mind to suffer/The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,/ Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,/ And, by opposing, end them?† (HAM.III.i.58-61). Even when he considers suicide as a viable option, he questions what happens in the afterlife. If Hamlet therefore chooses to not commit suicide, is he delaying a possibly better life after he dies? He then turns to philosophy as a way to choose between killing Cladius or killing himself. But either path he chooses won’t end or solve his misery. â€Å"And enterprises of great pith and moment/With this regard their currents turn awry,/And lose the name of action.† (HAM. III.i.87-89). With Hamlet, it is evident that despite how miserable he is, he continually ignores any sort of action that can be taken to put an end to this misery. He forgets that he is still the prince and has a significant say it what can be done. The true Hamlet and his purpose are so far gone from his mind that he contemplates things such as suicide. He waits too long for an outside action to push him forward in the right direction, instead of taking the first step himself. In order to deal with the tasks of regular life, humans have been known to  set up routines of how they believe they should go about their day. Each pattern is unique, and they nearly always consist of repetition. These systems become a part of us as we go on. But when routines become more than just something we follow and they become who a person is, life becomes a lot more difficult than it needs to be. In both Hamlet and Waiting for Godot, the protagonists become their routines, and in this they destroy themselves and lose sight of their true purpose. The product of their blindness to the outside contaminates their souls and leaves them trapped in their own destructive ways. Works Cited Beckett, Samuel. Waiting for Godot. New York: Grove, 1954. Print. Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. New York: Washington Square, 1992. Print. The New Folger Library Shakespeare. Due to the foreboding repetition of their own daily lives, the protagonists in both Hamlet and Waiting for Godot neglect their true purpose, which suggests holding back can be destructive to oneself. In Waiting for Godot, Vladimir and Estragon experience each day as it passes without any happenings and with this transition comes their demise. As Hamlet becomes more obsessed with avenging his father, he begins to see more of his own downfall as time passes. The product of their blindness to the outside contaminates their souls and leaves them trapped in their own destructive ways.

The Sugar Industry of India

The Sugar Industry of India INTRODUCTION Sugar industry is one of the most important agro-based industries in India and is highly responsible for creating significant impact on rural economy in particular and countrys economy in general. Sugar industry ranks second amongst major agro-based industries in India. As per the Government of Indias recent liberalised policy announced on 12th December, 1986 for licensing of additional capacity for sugar industries during 7th five-year plan, there will be only one sugar mill in a circular area of 40 sq km. Also the new sugar mill is allowed with an installation capacity of 2500 TCD (Tonne Sugar Cane crushed per day) as against the earlier capacity norms of 1250 TCD. Similarly, the existing sugar mills with sugar cane capacity of about 3500 TCD can crush sugar cane tothe tune of 5000 TCD with a condition imposed that additional requirement of sugar cane be acquired through increased productivity and not by expansion of area for growing sugar cane. Cane sugar is the name given to sucr ose, a disaccharide produced from thesugarcane plant and from the sugar beet.   The refined sugars from the two sources are practically indistinguishable and command the same price in competitive markets. However, since they come from different plants, the trace constituents are different andcan be used to distinguish the two sugars. One effect of the difference is the odor in thepackage head space, from which experienced sugar workers can identify the source. In the production scheme for cane sugar, the cane cannot be stored for more thana few hours after it is cut because microbiological action immediately begins to degrade the sucrose. This means that the sugar mills must be located in the cane fields. The raw sugar produced in the mills is item of international commerce. Able to be stored for years, it is handled as raw material shipped at the lowest rates directly in the holds ofships or in dump trucks or railroad cars and pushed around by bulldozers. Because it is not intended to be eaten directly, it is not handled as food. The raw sugar is shipped to th e sugar refineries, which are located in population centers. There it is refined to a food product, packaged, and shipped a short distance to the market. In a few places, there is arefinery near or even within a raw-sugar mill. However, the sugar still goes through rawstage. The principle by-product of cane sugar production is molasses. About 10 15% of the sugar in the cane ends up in molasses. Molasses is produced both in the raw-sugarmanufacture and also in refining. The blackstrap or final molasses is about 35 40% sucrose and slightly more than 50% total sugars. In the United States, blackstrap is used almost entirely for cattle feed.   In some areas, it is fermented and distilled to rum or industrial alcohol. The molasses used for human consumption is of a much higher grade, and contains much more sucrose. Sugarcane characteristics: Sugarcane contains not only sucrose but also numerous other dissolved substances, as well as cellulose or woody fibre. The percentage of sugar in the canevaries from 8 to 16% and depends to a great extent on the variety of the cane, its maturity, condition of the soil, climate and agricultural practices followed. The constituents of ripe cane vary widely in different countries and regions but fall generally within the following limits: Constituent Percentage range Water 69.0 75.0Sucrose 8.0 16.0 Reducing sugars 0.5 2.0 Organic matter other than sugar 0.5 1.0 Inorganic compounds 0.2 0.6 Nitrogenous bodies 0.5 1.0 Ash 0.3 0.8 Fibre 10.0 16.0 Organic matters other than sugar include proteins, organic acids, pentosan,  colouring matter and wax. Organic acids present in cane are glycolic acid, malic acid,  succinic acid and small quantity of tannic acid, butyric acid and aconitic acid. SUGAR INDUSTRY OF INDIA Introduction Sugar is extracted from two raw materials beet root and sugarcane, both produce identical refined sugar. Sugar cane accounts for two-third of the raw material used for sugar production in the world and beet root one third balance of the world production. India is the second largest producer of sugar in the world with 10 to 12% production of the world.( Brazil is the first) In India sugarcane accounts for the key raw material for production of sugar. Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh account for majority of produce of sugar in India. Sugar industry is the 2nd largest agro-processing industry in India accounting for 1 % of India s GDP for fy2005. Indias cultivation area of 4-4.5 million hectare accounts for Indias 2.7% cropped area. The production of sugar has always been in deficit over the demand with production of only 17.5 million tonne over the 19 million tonne consumption for the year 2005-06 a factor leading to industry attractiveness. Key Characteristics of Sugar industry: Capital intensive Government regulated Seasonal fluctuation in the industry(demand increases during festive season) Raw materials constitute major cost No proper substitutes Key success factors (key performance indicators) Capital utilization Optimum utilization of by-products for additional revenue Captive power generation Sugar is one of the oldest commodities in the world and traces its origin in 4th century AD in India and China. In those days sugar was manufactured only from sugarcane. But both countries lost their initiatives to the European, American and Oceanic countries, as the eighteenth century witnessed the development of new technology to manufacture sugar from sugar beet. However, India is presently a dominant player in the global sugar industry along with Brazil in terms of production. Given the growing sugar production and the structural changes witnessed in Indian sugar industry, India is all set continue its domination at the global level. The report provides a comprehensive picture of the Indian sugar market. The status of Indian sugar industry has been compared with the rest of the world in terms of raw material availability, crushing period, size of the sugar mill, production cost and prices in the report. The advantages that Indian sugar mills have over others in cost terms have been emphasized too. Indian sugar industry is highly fragmented with organized and unorganized players. The unorganized players mainly produce Gur and Khandari, the less refined forms of sugar. The government had a controlling grip over the industry, which has slowly yet steadily given way to liberalization. The report provides comprehensive analysis about the structure of Indian sugar industry by explaining the above facets. Besides the classification of sugar products and by- products like molasses, their uses too have been extensively covered. The production sugarcane is cyclical in nature. Hence the sugar production is also cyclical as it depends on the sugarcane production in the country. The report provides extensive information on the production of sugarcane, sugar and other sweeteners in the country in the recent years along with trends and analysis. This also includes a discussion about existing capacities in the country, trends in capacity additions, imports and production of by-products of sugar (molasses and cogeneration of power). The report features a detailed demand analysis discussing the actual demand for sugar and other sweeteners, gur and khandari and their per capita consumption in India. This includes a trend analysis in demand in various regions of the country. The role of exports in the sugar industry has also been discussed. The report gives an exhaustive cost analysis along with the pricing practices. Dual Pricing System is adopted in the Indian sugar industry, which includes sugar price in Public distribution system and the free sale sugar price. An analysis has been provided on the relationship between Indian and international sugar prices. As the industry is a fragmented one, even leading players do not control more than 4 percent market in India. However, the situation is changing and players offlate are striving to increase their market share either by acquiring smaller mills or by going for green field capacity additions. Another notable trend is the shift from Gur and Khandsari to sugar in the rural areas. This should further increase the per capita consumption of sugar in India (currently around 15.6 kg). Besides the Indian urban market is slowly moving towards branded sugar. The potential in this segment seems to be very high. These trends along with the other trends like increase in the production of by-products have been captured in detail. The market shares of the leading players and financials of following players are given in the report. Balrampur chini mills ltd, Bajaj Hindustan Ltd, Andhra sugars ltd, Thiru Arooran Sugars Ltd and Dhampur sugar ltd The major revenue drivers like change in the governments policies and increasing per capita consumption have been comprehensively pictured in the report. The reports ends with outlook for the sugar industry both at the Indian and POLITICAL IMPACT ON SUGAR INDUSTRY Sugar row accentuates Indias political fragility Sugar mills in Uttar Pradesh are yet to begin crushing for this season, which typically begins in November, due to non-availability of raw materials. Reports suggest that sugar mill owners have agreed to pay Rs 180 per quintal for sugarcane, which is Rs 50 higher than the fair and renumerative price fixed at Rs 129.84 per quintal. Farmers are demanding Rs 280 per quintal and have stopped supplies in anticipation of a higher price. Meanwhile, Parliament was adjourned on the first day of its winter session due to protests by opposition parties against the Centres sugarcane price move that discourages states from fixing higher prices. Thousands of farmers protested inDelhiagainst the low, state-controlled sugarcane price. The protests highlights the rural discontent over the governments sugar ordinance. Raw-sugar prices have almost doubled this year, with future contracts recording a 28-year high in September. Sugar stocks tumbled on news of a delay in the crushing season and protest by farmers outside Parliament. Bajaj Hindusthan, Balrampur Chini, Dhampur Sugar, Dharani Sugars, Dwarikesh Sugar, Shree Renuka, and Triveni Engineering fell 5-8%. Andhra Sugar, EID Parry, KCP Sugar, Oudh Sugar Mill, Ponni Sugars (E), Simbhaoli Sugar, Upper Ganges Sugar, and Uttam Sugar were down 2-4%. Ambareesh Baliga  of Karvy Stock Broking says the risk-reward ratio is not in favour of sugar stocks. If you assume that the sugar prices will move up 10-15% from here, Balrampur Chini or Bajaj Hindusthan could possibly move another 10-15% more from here. But if you see the sugar prices coming down 20% over the next 4-5 months, these stocks will crash by more than 30-40% because the good news is already there in stock prices. Sugar prices move in cycles and this is clearly a cyclical industry. We have seen a good part of that over the last 6-8 months. Going ahead, whatever adverse news comes, it will actually batter these stocks. The routine reopening of the parliament has suddenly emerged as an awkward test for the Congress-led governments ability to push reforms such as price deregulation in the face of opposition from its rural base. Tens of thousands of farmers from Uttar Pradesh protesting against low state sugarcane prices forced the postponement of the winter session of parliament on Thursday in a major political headache for the government, re-elected in May. Now, a once-divided opposition seemingly unable to recover from election loss have vowed to disrupt parliament until the government reverses a policy aimed at bringing in more market forces to the sugar industry, one of Indias biggest cash crops. On Friday, the opposition forced an adjournment for a second day, with lawmakers running into the house shouting slogans. The massive street protest that brought much of central Delhi to a standstill also reflected the fragility of political stability in India, with its myriad caste, class and ethnic issues always simmering among its 1.2 billion people. Such a display of opposition unity, has rarely been seen outside parliament, The Economic Times commented on Friday. The UPA government has only itself to blame for giving an issue to the opposition on a platter. The ruling  United Progressive Alliance  coalition has given states greater autonomy in fixing sugarcane prices to help lift restrictions on the heavily regulated sugar sector and stop sugar mills bearing the fiscal brunt of subsidised prices. But a backlash has played into hands of the opposition, including the Hindu nationalist  Bharatiya Janata Party. Bye-bye global politics Only a week ago, domestic politics appeared to be playing second fiddle to international issues, such as global climate change negotiations and Prime Minister Manmohans Singhs visit to Washington D.C. next week. That mood has changed. Buoyant from the closure, protesters say the ball is now in the governments court. The government may hold an all-party meeting on Monday over the issue. We have now adopted the policy of wait and watch for next two to three days, Anil Singh, national secretary of the National Alliance of Farmers Associations. The response to Thursdays rally was satisfying. Now the government has come to its knees. It signals the reform in India will not be plain sailing, despite a large majority for the Congress-led coalition. Singh has promised economic reforms such as the deregulation of state-run sectors, introducing more foreign investment into areas like insurance, and boosting spending on infrastructure to allow India to compete with the likes of China. But some reforms face endangering the Congress partys pro-poor inclusive growth manifesto and dashing hopes of a major revival in Uttar Pradesh, where Gandhi scion  Rahul Gandhi  has reached out to the poor in high-profile campaigns. Any reforms face the stark fact that two-thirds of Indias population lives in villages. One reform, bringing in foreign investment in retail, has already floundered because of opposition in rural areas. Indeed, Gandhi was reported to have phoned Singh over worries that the sugarcane issue could derail Congress inroads into Indias most populous and politically important state. The protest does not mean all of the Congress partys reforms will be in trouble. It still has a clear majority in parliament. For example, most analysts expect the government to raise limits of foreign investment in the insurance sector, a policy aimed at allowing Indias near 40 percent savings rate to be recycled into investment and sustain higher growth rates. Disinvestment, etc, will go on, even though there will be protests as usual, political analyst Amulya Ganguli said. The opposition is delighted to have got an issue. In the evening, the Prime Minister finally gave into political pressure saying that he would amend the sugarcane pricing ordinance in farmer interest. In a latest development it has been learnt that both the houses of the Parliament have againbeen adjourned on sugarcane price issue. Is it the death of FRP or is it just a temporary stalling? How will sugar companies do with or without FRP next year? While Narendra Murukumbi Managing Director at  Shree Renuka Sugars  hails the FRP concept, Investment Advisor  SP Tulsian  considers it to be an ill-conceived move and says that the farmers should be happy with Rs 210 per quintal. However, Murukumbi says, â€Å"We are currently paying Rs 230 per quintal in Karnataka.† Cane prices need to be resolved bilaterally—two-third share to farmers would be fair, he adds. Sugar deficit is a global phenomenon.â€Å"Last year there was a deficit of about nine million tonne. However, this years deficit is probably five-six million tonne and prices have reacted accordingly,† says Kingsman Sas Managing Director Jonathan Kingsman. Though the situation is expected to remain tight, there is a possibility that we move to a surplus from a deficit in 2010-11, according to Kingsman. He expects prices to be maintained in the next few months. On the global footing, Kingsman says the industry knows it has to work together. So in most countries like Thailand and Brazil, there is now a revenue sharing system in place, where in roughly about two-thirds of the revenue go to the cane growth and about one-third to the millers. †That has taken a lot of the politics and a lot of the conflict out of the situation.† Sugar stocks were seeing huge selling pressure on news of sugar companies yet to begin crushing for the season. There were reports that sugar mill owners have agreed to pay Rs 180 per quintal for sugarcane. The farmers were demanding Rs 200 plus for the same. The crushing could not start as farmers have stopped supplies in anticipation of higher price. Bajaj Hindusthan,  Balrampur Chini,  Dhampur Sugar,Dharani Sugars,Dwarikesh Sugar,  Shree Renuka  and  Triveni Engg  fell 5-8%. Andhra Sugar, EID Parry, KCP Sugar, Oudh Sugar Mill, Ponni Sugars (E), Simbhaoli Sugar, Upper Ganges Sugar and Uttam Sugar were down 2-4% Q: What should one expect from our neck of the woods? A: On day one and probably through first few days this entire battle of sugarcane prices will dominate the Parliaments Winter Session. Sugarcane farmers have picketed the Parliament and the entire opposition  Mulayam Singh Yadav  to  Ajit Singh  to Bharatiya Janta Party (BJP)is also united on this one issue. I think this will be a precursor to wider debate that is likely to take place on Parliament on rising prices per se. However, this opposition unity, which is critical, is unlikely to hold because of the Pension Bill. The one economic legislation that, perhaps, could be at least debated in this session of the parliament, at least the government says it is determined to put it before parliament is the Pension Bill. So when that bill comes across will this unity within the Parliament stay, particularly, in the Rajya Sabha led by the Left and prevent legislation from going through? That is the space we will have to see, but at the moment, it seems that rising prices will create some element of opposition unity in the first few days of Parliament. Q: Was it a surprise that insurance did not make it this time or was is expected that it wouldnt get taken up for discussion in the Winter Session? A: What is happening is that the government is going step by step.  Pranab Mukherjees strategy is to try and get legislation through in an incremental manner. The fact is that the Insurance Bill is still before a Standing Committee and there is still discussion going on. So rather than bring it in the Winter Session, when it seems unlikely that it will go through, it will probably come up in the next sessionthe budget sessionin February. However, it seems at the moment that governments focus as far as economic legislation is primarily on the Pension Bill, can it get that bill through? I think that will be a test of the governments attempt to build some kind of consensus on critical economic reforms. Q: There has been a fairly clearly laid out divestment policy as we step into the Winter Session, might that come up for discussion or is that a done deal and the government will go about its business? A:  Pranab Mukherjees strategy is to do this by stealth, which means you dont necessarily have to bring any legislation when it concerns disinvestment before Parliament. There could be a debate on it; but the government is now determined to use the Cabinet route rather than the Parliament route to pass contentious economic legislations. I expect in the next couple of months many more PSUs to be on the chopping block. The government is very clear, before the next budget in February at least three-four more PSUs will be part of the disinvestment roadmap that the Finance Minister has drawn for himself. Q: So from our part of the world do you expect a likely dull session or exciting? A: The good news is that politics seem to mater less and less. The fact is that you have got a government which has a remarkable victory in the general elections and then again inMaharashtra, it has led to some element of complacency and the opposition is still to get its act together. In that situation, I dont see many political contentious issuesbeing raised in the Parliament ona regular basis. It will be a relatively dull session barring the fact that you have got all the sugarcane farmers picketing the Parliament on day one and there by providing  Ajit Singh  his 15 seconds of glory. Q: That is important though because there are fairly liquid well-tracked sugar stocks in the equity market. Will the government have to blink on this one? A: They might have to because Uttar Pradesh is the one state which is being looked at very seriously by the government in terms of the congresss future prospect there. Already we are told today there could be an Rs 7,000 crore package for Bundelkhand in the Cabinet meeting later today. The sugarcane farmers issue is one which even Congressmen are saying that farmers need to be provided higher price for sugarcane and then this ordinance which this government is planning to bring is not acceptable.Sharad Pawarhimself leads a powerful sugar lobby inMaharashtraand he will have to a do a balancing act between the demands that the sugarcane farmers are placing on him. So you will perhaps see the government bending on the issue of sugarcane pricing. Thousands of farmers protesting low state-controlled sugarcane prices forced the postponement of the first day of the parliamentary winter session on Thursday, highlighting rural discontent over government policy. Some 5,000 farmers from Uttar Pradesh, Indias biggest cane producing state, marched to the opening of the parliament to demand higher state-set prices for sugarcane. Parts of the capital was disrupted by the protests, that were backed by opposition parties. The Congress-led coalition won re-election with a stronger mandate in May, raising hopes of quick reforms, but it has moved slowly and is still answerable to a reform-shy rural base. It faces political opposition to rapid change and deregulation as protests on Thursday highlighted. The government has given the states greater autonomy in fixing sugarcane prices, one of Indias biggest cash crops, in order to lift restrictions on a heavily-regulated sugar sector. But many farmers are unhappy with those state-set prices, saying they benefit sugar firms. The government has set a series of reforms ranging from the financial sector to law and order and gender equality as priorities for the winter parliament session. Investors are following whether Prime Minister  Manmohan Singh  will follow up on his pledge to push ahead with difficult financial reforms, particularly in the insurance and pension sectors. The state government has fixed the price the mills must pay to farmers at Rs 165-170 (USD 3.55-USD 3.66) per 100 kg, and farmers have been seeking a higher price that corresponds more to the rise in retail prices. We demand at least Rs 215 as the cane price, Anil Singh, national secretary of the National Alliance of Farmers Associations, told Reuters. Sugar output in Uttar Pradesh is likely to fall below estimates as the weakest monsoon in more than three decades has hit sucrose content in cane. As Pakistanis face an acute shortage of sugar, some families have found an easily available alternative to sweeten their tea: instead of a spoonful of sugar, they dissolve sweets in their tea. Shaikh Kashif, an embroiderer for a boutique in Karachi, said his favourite was a  Cadbury  Eclair. We cant live without tea so we had to do something, said Kashif, 27, from his small workshop in an upmarket city neighbourhood. It just costs a rupee (Pakistan rupee) per candy and is easier to get these days than sugar, he said. Pakistan is facing a shortage of more than 1 million tonnes of sugar largely because of a poor crop of sugarcane. Supplies have been particularly scarce since last month when surging prices led to a Supreme Court order to millers to sell sugar at Rs 40/kg (48 U.S. cents), compared with the then-market price of about Rs 46/kg. Government attempts to implement the court decision have led to confusion, sparking even higher market prices. Authorities are trying to get cheap supplies out to shoppers but sugar has almost disappeared at main retail markets in Karachi. Where it is available, it sells for as much as Rs 70 a kg. Thats not a problem for Kashif who said the sweets he put in his tea gave it a chocolaty taste. Some in my family didnt like that so theyre using a local candy which melts easily when you put it in a hot cup of tea, he said. We had to think of something to replace sugar and its worked for us. SOCIAL IMPACT ON SUGAR INDUSTRY Sugar Industry in India Indian sugar industry is the 2nd largest agro-industry with approximately 50 million sugarcane farmers and a large number of agricultural laborers (7.5% of the rural population) involved in sugarcane cultivation and ancillary activities. Though consumption of sugar in India has been growing at a steady rate of 3%, and is currently at 23.1 million tones, per capita consumption at 18 Kg (lower than world average of 22 Kg) indicates potential upside from a demand standpoint. Raw Material (Sugarcane) n India, sugarcane is the key raw material, planted once a year during January to March. It is the major cost driver for the production of sugar. It being an agricultural crop is subject to the unpredictable vagaries of nature, yielding either a bumper crop or a massive shortfall in its cultivation from year to year Industry Structure About 50% of the sugar capacity is controlled by Cooperatives Public sector mills. There are 566 sugar mills installed in the country, of which about 100 (mostly cooperatives) are not in operation. Almost half of the operational sugar cooperatives are in Maharashtra alone. Though most private players have been moving towards larger and integrated complexes, most cooperatives are still much smaller in capacity, and are standalone sugar mills. This has resulted in their becoming uncompetitive as compared to private mills. Government Policies Sugar has historically been classified as an essential commodity and has been regulated across the value chain. The heavy regulations in the sector artificially impact the demand-supply forces resulting in market imbalance Sensing this problem, since 1993 the regulations have been progressively eased. The key regulatory milestones include de-licensing of the industry in 1998 and the removal of control on storage and distribution in 2002. Value drivers Economical impact UP sugar mills agree to pay Rs 205-210 a quintal for cane  Sugar mills in Uttar Pradesh have offered to pay Rs 205-210 a quintal of cane for the ongoing 2009-10 crushing season. This is against the state advised price (SAP) of Rs 165-170 a quintal. The UP Sugar Mills Association (UPSMA) had on November 14 agreed to pay Rs 180 a quintal for regular cane and Rs 185 for early varieties. When this failed to enthuse growers, the mills announced an additional Rs 10 as incentive, taking the effective cane price to Rs 190-195. On Sunday last (November 29), they offered a further increase of Rs 10, translating into a price of Rs 200-205 a quintal. But these sweet offers failed to placate the growers, particularly in the western UP belt and the stir by farmers of the region culminated in a hugely attended sit-in at Shamli in Muzaffarnagar. On Tuesday (December 1), all the mills in western UP have accepted a new rate of Rs 205-210 per quintal. Following this offer, the farmers have also called off their stir and the industry hopes crushing will resume in full swing. The state has a total of 132 running sugar mills, out of which 90 are private mills. Last year mills in UP paid a SAP of Rs 140-145 a quintal. However, with more than 100 per cent jump in sugar prices due to a 43% drop in production in the year ended September 2009, farmers have been pressing for a higher price of Rs 280 per quintal. Sugar output in India, the worlds second largest producer, may fall short of the earlier estimate of 16 million tonnes in 2009-10 season. Sugar prices have touched Rs 40 a kg in the cities and with the hike in sugarcane prices, retail prices of sugar is bound to go up further. UP sugar mills enter price war to procure cane Low availability of cane and higher price realisation force mills to pay more. Low availability of sugarcane and high price realisation have forced a majority of sugar mills in Uttar Pradesh (UP) to enter into a price war quite early in the 2009-10 season (October-September). The mills are paying Rs 10 a quintal higher than the price of Rs 190-195 a quintal agreed unanimously by the private millers last week. UP is the second-largest sugar producing state after Maharashtra and top producers such as Bajaj Hindusthan and Balrampur Chini have all their operations in the state. A majority of sugar mills in western UP districts such as Meerut, Muzaffarnagar, Saharanpur are now paying a price of Rs 200-205 a quintal for sugarcane. The state government had announced a state advised price (SAP) of Rs 165-170 a quintal. However, farmers association in the state led by the likes of Mahendra Singh Tikait and V M Singh have been protesting and seeking a price of Rs 280 a quintal since sugar realisation has moved to a record of Rs 33-34 a kg. Last year mills had paid a SAP of Rs 140-145 a quintal. However, with more than a 100 per cent jump in sugar prices due to a 43 per cent