Literary Analysis Slave Narratives Essay - 1188 Words

Prior to the publication of any slave narrative, African Americans had been represented by early historians’ interpretations of their race, culture, and situation along with contemporary authors’ fictionalized depictions. Their persona was often â€Å"characterized as infantile, incompetent, and...incapable of achievement† (Hunter-Willis 11) while the actions of slaveholders were justified with the arguments that slavery would maintain a cheap labor force and a guarantee that their suffering did not differ to the toils of the rest of the â€Å"struggling world† (Hunter-Willis 12). The emergence of the slave narratives created a new voice that discredited all former allegations of inferiority and produced a new perception of resilience and ingenuity.†¦show more content†¦Like Douglass, Jacobs also exposed the harsh treatment towards slaves while proving that American â€Å"blacks could succeed at the same activities as whites† (Hunter-Willis 26) through her own narrated experiences. Her resolve to write demonstrated a â€Å"resistance to the patriarchal system of slavery† (Peterson 158) by sharing the exploits of slavery through her own point of view. Shielded from the atrocities of slavery during her childhood, Jacobs depicts family life among slaves as one that remains intact in a â€Å"comfortable home† (29) through the example of her own family. Each member held limited rights along with the ability to work and the privilege to use their earnings as they pleased. It is not until the death of her mistress where she finally begins to feel the effects of slavery in the sudden separation of her family who are â€Å"all distributed among her [mistress’s] relatives† (Jacobs 33). The separation of family is one of the most integral subjects of her narrative since â€Å"motherhood [plays a great role] in her life† (Wolfe 518). Jacobs appeals to the emotions of her female audiences by contrasting a slave mother’s agonies in her separation from her children with the â€Å"happy free women† (40) whose children remain with her since â€Å"no hand† (40) has the right to take them away. The s eparation of families in Douglass’s narrative does call for some pity but the event is not as tragic in comparison toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1450 Words   |  6 PagesReid Champlin Mrs. Stack AP English, Period 7 14 August 2015 In His Own Words: Analysis of The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass They say that one can never fully understand a situation until he/she is put into that scenario themselves. Too often, history is written by those who have only read and researched the issues, remaining distant and objective to get all the facts straight. While there is honor in this approach, one cannot experience the horror of war, the thrill of victory, orRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay858 Words   |  4 Pagesfaced these challenges and liberal statesmanship. Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: an American Slave. New York: Barnes and Noble, 2005. Print. This a book about Frederick Douglass’s remarkable life. He was born a slave in 1818 on a plantation in Maryland. He taught himself how to read and write becoming a renowned writer and orator. 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A plethora of similarities exist between these works, both of which include the education of an African American protagonist, the aid of Irish benefactors, and social conventions that seek to prevent both of the aforementioned occurrences from taking place. The principle difference between both of these works is that Douglass excerpt depicts the epoch of chattel slavery, in which educating of slaves, particularly toRead MoreMansfield Park; Empire Orientalism from Edward Said Essay1437 Words    |  6 Pagesargument in his essay ‘Jane Austen and Empire’ and then show whether you support or refute it. Edward Said’s analysis of Jane Austen’s narrative in her 3rd novel ‘Mansfield Park’ (1814) is based on his own studies of ‘orientalism’. This term is defined by Said as a variety of false assumptions /depictions of Eastern people within Western attitudes. 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Report on Pizza Hut Free Essays

Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut A PRESENTATION REPORT ON PIZZA HUT PESHAWAR ACCEP TED TO SIR IMRAN WAZIR ACC EPTE D BY : ADNAN KHAN MUJAHID HUSSAIN NAVEED SAEED SHAHZAD TAHIR ZARTASHIA ARSHAD BBA (HONS) – C 1st Semester Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 1 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut TABLE OF CONTENTS S. No. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Topic Letter of acceptance Executive summary History of Pizza Introduction History Of Pizza Hut Pizza Hut Mission Statement Comparative Strategy PEST SWOT Segmentation Positioning Targeting Pizza Hut Strategies Functional Level Strategy TQM (Total Quality Management) Business Level Strategy Pricing Strategy Market Share Four P’s of Marketing ? Product ? Price ? Place ? Promotion Conclusion References Page Number 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 11 11 11 12 12 12 13 14 14 14 15 16 17 18 Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 2 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut LETTER OF ACCEPTANCE To: Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Report on Pizza Hut or any similar topic only for you Order Now Imran Wazir, Lecturer IM| Sciences, Peshawar. Subject: PREPARATION OF REPORT We are Hereby Presenting the presentation on Company Pizza Hut and assure you submission of our report in compliance with the instruction envisaged. Name of topic is repeated for ready reference please. â€Å"Marketing Plans Business report on Pizza Hut† Yours sincerely, Adnan Khan Mujahid Hussain Naveed Saeed Shahzad Tahir Zartashia Arshad Date: March 03, 2009 Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 3 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut EXECUTIVE SUMMARY During the past four decades Pizza Hut has built a reputation for excellence that has earned the respect of consumers and industry experts alike. Building a leading pizza company has required relentless innovation, commitment to quality and dedication to customer service and value. The qualities of entrepreneurship, growth and leadership have characterized Pizza Hut’s business through more than four decades of success. Through the strength of its heritage, its culture and its people and franchisees, Pizza Hut looks forward to more success in future. There are different objectives of every organization. In order to achieve these objectives different targets are set. Targets pass down the hierarchy depending on the nature of the business. Therefore, in order to achieve the objectives, management decides on different strategies. These strategies are divided into many sub-parts and are useful for the running of the business. The employees and the management know what they have to achieve through the targets which have been set to them and the strategies they have adopted help them know the way they will achieve the objectives. Similarly, Pizza Hut has different targets set to them and they have adopted different strategies to successfully achieve the targets set. These targets are set by the RSC i. e. the restaurant support centre in Karachi. These targets are passed on to the RGM (restaurant general manager) and he passes them to the workforce. These targets fall within the organizational structure in which there are many people who have different targets to achieve. In order to successfully achieve the targets they need to co-operate and work in a friendly environment. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 4 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut HISTORY OF PIZZA About Pizza, Some will tell you Italy. That’s wrong. What you know as pizza came into vogue around the time of Napoleon and the French revolution. Italians, known to be lovers of fine food and wines perfected and imported this terrific dish to America. From here it quickly endeared itself to mass production and re-export to the rest of the world. Bon appetite! INTRODUCTION HISTORY OF PIZZA HUT In 1958, Frank and Dan Carney had an idea for a great local pizza restaurant in Wichita Kansas. The small 25 seat restaurant only had room for 9 letters on the sign†¦ the building looked like a hut†¦ so ‘Pizza Hut’ was born! Fifteen years later, we opened the first UK restaurant and since then we’ve become the biggest Pizza Company on the planet, Let see listen Pizza Hut Story from them! †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ 1958 Frank and Dan Carney open the first Pizza Hut in Wichita, Kansas. 1972 1000 restaurants are open throughout the USA. 1973 Pizza Hut went international with restaurants in Japan, Canada England. The first UK Pizza Hut opened in Islington, London. 977 PepsiCo bought Pizza Hut. 1980 Pan Pizza was introduced. 1982 The UK joint venture started between PepsiCo and Whitbread. 1984 Over 50 restaurants so far in the UK. 1986 By now, there were 100 restaurants in the UK and 5000 worldwide. 1987 An average of one restaurant open ed each week in the UK. 1988 The UK’s First Delivery Unit was opened in Kingsbury, London. 1992 There were 9,000 restaurants in 84 countries. 1993 There were 300 restaurants and delivery stores in the UK. 1994 10,000 Pizza Huts were open for business. 1997 PepsiCo decided to focus on their drinks business. As a result, Tricon Global Restaurants was born, creating the largest restaurant brand in the World. Tricon became the partner company with Whitbread. 1999 Pizza Hut had over 400 restaurants, employing 14000 people. 2002 Tricon Global became YUM! Brands Inc. 2006 Whitbread sold their share of the joint venture to Yum! Brands Inc. Pizza Hut UK Ltd was now 100% owned by Yum! 2008 We bought Godfather’s Pizza in Ireland with 28 stores. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 5 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut Pizza Hut’s Mission Statement We take pride in making a perfect pizza and providing courteous and helpful service on time all the time. Every customer says, â€Å"I’ll be back! † We are the employer of choice offering team members opportunities For Growth, Advancement, And Rewarding Careers in a Fun, Safe Working Environment. †¢ P. E. A. R. L. S ? PASSION for excellence in Doing everything ? EXECUTE with positive energy and urgency. ? ACCOUNTABLE for growth in customer satisfaction and profitability. ? RECOGNIZE the achievement of others and have fun doing it. ? LISTEN and more importantly, respond to the voice of the customer. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 6 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut COMPARATIVE STRATEGY: This forced competitors to look for new methods of increasing their customer bases. Many pizza chains decided to diversify and offer new nonpizza items such as Buffalo wings, and Italian cheese bread. The current trend in pizza chains today is the same. They all try to come up with some newer, bigger, better, pizza for a low price. Offering special promotions and new pizza variations are popular today as well. For example, chicken is now a common topping found on pizzas. In the past, Pizza Hut has always had the first mover advantage. Their marketing strategy in the past has always been to be first. One of their main strategies that they still follow today is the diversification of the products they offer. Pizza Hut is always adding something new to their menu, trying to reach new markets. For example, in 1992 the famous buffet was launched in Pizza Hut restaurants worldwide. They were trying to offer many different food items for customers who didn’t necessarily want pizza. Another strategy they used in the past and are still using is the diversification of their pizzas. Pizza Hut is always trying to come up with some innovative way to make a pizza into something slightly different different enough that customers will think it’s a whole new product. For example, let’s look at some of the pizzas Pizza Hut has marketed in the past. In 1983, Pizza Hut introduced their Pan Pizza, which had a guarantee of being ready to eat in 5 minutes when dining at Pizza Hut restaurants. In 1993, they introduced the â€Å"Bigfoot,† which was two square feet of pizza cut into 21 slices. In 1995, they introduced â€Å"Stuffed Crust Pizza,† where the crust would be filled with cheese. In 1997, they marketed â€Å"The Edge,† which had cheese and toppings all the way to the edge of the pizza. Currently, they are marketing â€Å"The Big New Yorker,† trying to bring the famous New York style pizza to the whole country. Lastly, Pizza Hut has always valued customer service and satisfaction. In 1995, Pizza Hut began two customer satisfaction programs: a UAN (in USA 1-800) number customer hotline and a customer call-back program. These were implemented to make sure their customers were happy, and always wanted to return. In our plan, we will first give a situation analysis of current and relevant environmental conditions that affect our plan. Next, we will give a brief analysis of the current fast food industry, and any trends or changes that might occur in the future. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 7 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 8 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut ENVIRONMENTAL AND INTERNAL ANALYSIS OF PIZZA HUT In our visit to Pizza Hut we conducted research on PEST (Political, Economic, Social and Technological) Analysis. In the internal analysis of Pizza Hut we have considered SWOT of the Company. PEST (Political, Economic, Social Technological) i. POLITICAL ISSUES: Political issues include regulatory frame work operating in judicial system which may affect the business in different ways. There are not many political factors in Peshawar affecting Pizza Hut as is lack of competition. Factors such as laws on business employment, pollution and taxation apply on the organization which it has to follow regarding the rules. ii. ECNOMIC FACTORS: If the county’s economy is better so the GDP of the country will be good, this is a green signal for the business as the per capita income of the people will be increased and they will spend more money. In our survey we came to know that most of the people in the beginning of the months spend more and they visit pizza hut very often. When the inflation rate increases the cost of raw material also increases and this leads towards high prices of the products and vice versa. iii. SOCIAL FACTORS: Pizza hut is a multinational and it is basically originated from America so the organization is overwhelmed by western culture. There are social forms of society which consist of Upper class, middle class, middle upper class, lower class and lower class. Every country has cultural norms, values, beliefs and religion which can affect the organization. iv. TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS: Now a day’s technology is improving so as baking and heating ovens will be of new and efficient technology and will provide efficient service. Due to new technology there are new ways of marketing like internet; telemarketing and the organization can advertise their products with much more faster pace. Computer based customer data that is MIS (managing information system) helps in collecting customer data, daily transactions, future forecasting and decision making. New vehicles will make their service more efficient. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 9 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut SWOT ANALYSIS: Every organization has its strengths, weakness, opportunity and threats. So, the SWOT analysis for pizza hut is as under: Strengths: Pizza Hut is the market leader in providing different products of pizzas as there are no competitors in this sector. There good image makes the organization more strong. Pizza Hut is providing good taste, quality products with qualified staff, good atmosphere and hygienic environment. They are specialized in pizzas. Motivation level of staff is very high which make the organization more prosperous. They are ISO (International Standard Organization) certified. They have enough resources for operating different activities of the organization. They are providing free home delivery service. They have created monopoly in this sector. Another big Strength and even a Competitive Advantageis the fact that they have a full service restaurant as well as delivery services. Most of Pizza Hut’s competitors do not have restaurants. Because of the restaurant, Pizza Hut can market too many different segments that other pizza chains cannot. For example, Pizza Hut can market to families much easier than Domino’s or Little Caesar’s. Weaknesses: However, the fact that Pizza Hut does have a restaurant to run is also a weakness. Pizza Hut has higher overhead costs, due to the restaurant that other competitors don’t have to deal with. Another result of higher overhead costs is higher prices Pizza Hut must charge. Obviously, Pizza Hut is not the low cost producer. They rely on their quality pizza and good service to account for their higher prices. They are providing less range of products comparatively with high prices. They are more focused on Western taste instead of Eastern. Opportunities: New markets can be explored and new opportunities they can gain. Pizza Hut can come up with the new products considering the Eastern taste of the people as like McDonalds. Diversification of new products can increase their arket share. They can reduce their prices because of more resources. Threats: Pizza Hut’s number one threats are from their competitors. Currently, Their closest competitor is Domino’s Pizza who is working to open their Branch at Karachi. Domino’s main competitive advantage over Pizza Hut is their Lower price. ii. Little Caesar’s who is establishing their self in India and might move to i. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 10 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut Pakistan is another one of Pizza Hut’s competitors, right behind Domino’s in market share. Little Caesar’s is famous for offering large quantities of pizza for less money. iii. New entrance like Dominos pizza in Pakistan market can affect their market share. iv. Other local restaurants can affect their market share by providing pizzas with lower price. v. Social factors can affect their image as a Western organization. SEGMENTATION: Main segments which Pizza hut has captured are the combination of higher incomes and dual career families , due to higher income consumer have more disposable income , allowing them to eat out more often . Pizza Hut holds the most market share in the Pizza industry, the perceived quality and service of the company will help to ensure a better the average chance at a successful introduction of a new product. The introduction of a product that keeps with today trends is also important to reduce the risk of failure. Pizza Hut maximum market segment is younger generations. These generation ranges from 12 to 30, the overall spending of these generations is mostly on non essential items, the higher amount of spending has been done on eating out. POSITIONING Pizza Hut was among the first multinational brands to enter the food retail sector in Pakistan. When the first Pizza Hut restaurant opened in Karachi the quick service industry was at a nascent stage and the pizza category was dominated by a sole regional player who had a marginal presence. Pizza Hut went on to play a significant role in pioneering and developing this category in Pakistan. Worldwide and in Pakistan, Pizza Hut has come to become synonymous with the ‘best pizzas under one roof’. This is because at Pizza Hut the belief is that every pizza has its own magic, thus making it a destination product – which everyone seeks. It is this belief that has ignited the passion to create, innovate and serve the finest product the industry has to offer, while setting standards for others to strive to replicate. Pizza Hut is committed to providing uncompromising product quality, offering customers the highest value for money and giving service that is warm, friendly and personal. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 11 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut A critical factor in Pizza Hut’s success has been its unique dining experience. Crew members at Pizza Hut strive each day to provide ‘CUSTOMER MANIA’ – the kind of service that ensures that every visit of the customer is a memorable one. Pizza Hut’s constant endeavor to provide extra value – whether it is pizzas which are available to suit every price range, new promotions or the introduction of innovative product ranges – that puts a ‘Yum’ on every customer’s face – has allowed it to increase its presence in Pakistan to the current 38 restaurants across 9 cities. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 12 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut Market Targeting: Pizza hut targeted market defines them as a family product. This is because they don’t really directly market their customers. They are target everyone whereas their competitors target a certain gender or age. But pizza hut targets a wide range of customers. This is because they want to make the most money and who blames them. They have many competitors and they are bound to try everything to cope up tops. Their competitors are everywhere. There are just a few that are main competitors and pizza hut will always try to be the best and get the most money by making their products better quality but also cheaper. They try to offer something different with their product as well. They offer a range of stuffed crusts to try and attract customers. They also do vegetarian options with meet free pizzas and a salad and pasta bar. Not a lot of restaurants offer a salad and a pasta bar. This is another competitive idea to attract or customers. STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY PIZZA HUT: A business’s strategy is the pattern of decisions and actions that are taken by the business to achieve its goals. A business has a variety of goals and objectives. All businesses need to organize their business activities in order to achieve their business objectives. Running a business involves planning the current as well as future activities. Hence, in order to achieve the business objectives, all business organizations adopt different strategies. Similarly, Pizza Hut has adopted many strategies which help achieve the targets set by the main office to the local store opened at Peshawar. Changes are the external as well as internal environment has led Pizza Hut rethink their past strategies and has therefore designed new strategies after noticing the changes in the environment. These environmental changes are seen through the PEST and SWOT analysis. After considering all the factors Pizza Hut has decided upon the strategies and their current strategies are divided into five main categories and further have sub-parts. These strategies are: – Functional Strategies: These are strategies designed to improve the efficiency of a business’s operations. They often focus on an area, such as marketing, human resource etc. All business organizations adopt strategies at functional level as once the functional objectives are achieved, corporate objectives become easy. In order to make the functional strategy efficient, Pizza Hut has made all the functional departments co-operate with each other. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 13 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut Total Quality Management (TQM): This is the most important for a food chain like Pizza Hut. All the employees’ backof-the-house i. e. the kitchen assistants are trained accordingly. They are given extra classes in order to meet the quality standards set by Pizza Hut around the world. This strategy is important in order to satisfy the CHAMPS. This strategy is strictly implemented in Pizza Hut in order to fulfill the quality standards. Different quality management staff is also there at Pizza Hut. The shift managers have the task to observe whether the quality standards are met or not, whereas there are a total quality management department at the main office in Karachi. This department has the task to implement quality standards and know whether they are achieved or not. Business Level Strategy: Business level strategies are plans made to gain a competitive advantage over its rivals in a market. Hence, all the businesses need to adopt business level strategies in order to compete in a competitive environment. If we take a look at the Pakistani market, there are no large competitors of Pizza Hut but unlimited small competitors exist in the market. The threat of competitors is very low as there is no international food chain offering pizza in Pakistan at present. Therefore, present strategies adopted by Pizza Hut are keeping in consideration the present competition. Whereas, in future this competition will increase and Pizza Hut will have to change all its business level strategies in order to compete with its rivals. In very near future Dominos is opening its first branch in Karachi. This would be a threat for Pizza Hut and hence, the strategies would be changed. Pricing Strategy: The level of competition a business faces determines its pricing strategy. Sometimes a business has the scope to set its price and sometimes a business cannot. When a business has the scope to set its price there is a number of pricing strategies or policies it might choose. As there are no such competitors of Pizza Hut which could compete with the quality of pizza produced at Pizza Hut, therefore, the pricing strategy adopted by Pizza Hut is ‘market skimming’. Pizza Hut has adopted this pricing strategy as they want to hold maximum share of the market by maximum profit. This is a golden era for Pizza Hut, as there are no competitors and hence, Pizza Hut is free to charge any price they want. They are charging higher prices due to the uniqueness of the product. They satisfy the target market as the food quality is worth the price paid. The pricing strategy is not just to get the worth Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 14 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut of quality but also to gain maximum profits before any competitor enters because then Pizza Hut will have to change its pricing strategy. Although the prices would be lowered with the new entrants in the market but not to a greater extent as the quality food products are not home-produced. They are imported from different countries keeping in view the best quality. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 15 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut Market Share: As there are Dozens of Pizza Suppliers Globally Providing Services in different part of the World, but Pizza Hut is the One who got the Bigger Market Share Globally. This is the Survey taken by www. survey. com that Pizza Hut is having 48% of Overall Pizza Market in the World. After that Dominos is leading with a percentage of 20% while the rest 32% is divided in the Remaining Pizza Providers Globally. MARKET SHARE OTHERS 32% PIZZA HUT PIZZA HUT 48% DOMINO’S OTHERS DOMINO’S 20% Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 16 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut FOUR P’S OF MARKETING PRODUCT: Product refers to the actual program you are planning. The goal of pizza hut is to develop the best product with the resources available. Pizza Hut sells pizzas in four different sizes: personal (an individual serving), small, medium and large, though most stores have done away from with the small size. A variety of toppings are available, plus â€Å"specialty† styles, including Meat Lovers, Pepperoni Lovers, Cheese Lovers, Veggie Lovers, Double Cheeseburger, Supreme, Super Supreme and the newly introduced Pizza Mia. The pan pizza has a thicker crust than most other commercially available pizzas . o their products have help them to retain their customers and to increase them . they provide their customers with complete nutrition plan and healthy food is guaranteed. The nutrition plan also clearly tells diabetes patients can use what range of food at pizza hut. Over weight patients are also satisfied and the pizza with less cholesterol can be ordered. This encourages t he customers to visit pizza hut rather than going elsewhere. As pizza hut has to boost its sales in the existing markets, so they the new food products are introduced in all branches line-by–line because all branches are operated in co-operation with one another. Different products for different regions are also developed as there are choice differences. Pizza hut offers a long list of products and never afraid to offer new products like in Peshawar according to market they introduce the very first â€Å"Chapli Kabab Pizza† which was very healthy product by Pizza hut in this region. There are a lot many products according to different geographical places. Like in India they have got there vegetable pizzas, which has a large market there BUT not the Cow Meat Pizza. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 17 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut PRICE: . As there are no such competitors of Pizza Hut which could compete with the quality of pizza produced at Pizza Hut, therefore, the pricing strategy adopted by Pizza Hut is ‘market skimming’. Pizza Hut has adopted this pricing strategy as they want to hold maximum share of the market by maximum profit. This is a golden era for Pizza Hut, as there are no competitors and hence, Pizza Hut is free to charge any price they want. They are charging higher prices due to the uniqueness of the product. They satisfy the target market as the food quality is worth the price paid. The pricing strategy is not just to get the worth of quality but also to gain maximum profits before any competitor enters because then Pizza Hut will have to change its pricing strategy. Although the prices would be lowered with the new entrants in the market but not to a greater extent as the quality food products are not home-produced. They are imported from different countries keeping in view the best quality. First, this pricing strategy will help segment the market. Different groups of customers are willing to pay different prices for the same product. The high/low pricing strategy will also create excitement. The pricing strategy adopted by Pizza Hut is ‘market skimming’. Pizza Hut has adopted this pricing strategy as they want to hold maximum share of the market by maximum profit. This product will emphasize product and service quality PLACE/DISTRIBUTION: It refers to the best place to offer program. That is the place where it is located and through what channels are we distributing programs and the competitive advantage lies in distribution. The pizza hut Peshawar is situated out of the market area near Army Stadium and Shami road. This site has been chosen keeping in view the following factors. It is in an out of centre location on retail or Leisure Park with good parking accessibility. Secondly the catchment area is of a specified minimum size and within a given drive time to the site. Distribution The type of distribution channel used by Pizza Hut is the direct channel. The direct channel is successful when there is an extremely large market that is geographically dispersed. The direct channel is also useful when there are a large number of buyers, but a small amount purchased by each. Pizza Hut uses three different methods of selling its products directly to the market. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 18 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut i. The first method of distribution used by Pizza Hut is Home. Office delivery. Customers can call Pizza Hut ahead of time, place an order, and the order is delivered to the customer’s home. can go to the nearest Pizza Hut, place an order and either leave with the order or eat at the restaurant. One of Pizza Hut’s largest competitive advantages is its restaurant style facility. Pizza Hut offers a clean place to sit down and enjoy the variety of pizzas, salads, and sandwiches in a fun, family atmosphere. ii. Another method of distribution is for customers to dine-in. Customers iii. The third method of distribution is to order Online. Selective County Customers can now go on the Internet and place an order for Pizza. This method is useful because it allows customers to view the entire menu, download any special coupons, and order without having to disclose any credit card numbers. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 19 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut PROMOTION: The objectives of promotion are to introduce a new product, stimulate demand, change the short-term behavior of the customers, and encourage repeat or greater usage by current customers. Pizza hut uses many promotional strategies. The main promotion is a coupon to purchase. This promotion is also distributed mainly by mail, but also by fliers on college campuses around the country in order to reach the target market. They are using billboards on main stream places to get there customer. They are also distributing door to door brochures to capture more and more customers. Pizza huts also using marketing techniques. These are the strategies Pizza hut is using for its marketing. Pizza huts try’s to attract the younger generation as their main market segment. Apart from this Pizza Hut is using intense marketing strategies they are also giving ads in magazines. Advertising camping will creates awareness of the products in our target markets. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 20 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut CONCLUSION Pizza Hut has many targets which it has achieve in a given period of time. The time-period is mostly a year. Therefore, in order to fulfill the targets different strategies are adopted by Pizza Hut. It can be concluded that these strategies have been successful and there is flexibility in the strategies, as they can be changed with the changes in the market conditions as well as the targets. Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 21 Report and Marketing Strategies of Pizza Hut REFERENCES Mr. Amir Zeb, Shift Manager, Pizza Hut, Peshawar Mr. Hamad Zeb, Shift Manger, Pizza Hut, Peshawar Lower staff of Pizza Hut, Peshawar Google Search Engine www. definitions. com www. answers. com www. about. com www. wikipedia. org www. pizzahut. com Institute of Management Sciences, Peshawar Pakistan Page 22 How to cite Report on Pizza Hut, Papers

The Advantages and Disadvantages of the Interpreter’s free essay sample

Some violinist once said: â€Å"A good interpreter can take a piece of bad music and make it sound pretty decent†. To my mind, being an interpreter means being an artist. The same as the painter thoroughly selects colours for his masterpieces, the interpreter chooses the most suitable words and expressions in his speech but only in his case this time-consuming process is completed on the spot. As many other artistic professions, interpreting also has two sides of the coin which are advantages and disadvantages. But before that, what qualities apply to this profession? The interpreter is a person of great enterprise. He has got a craving for widening his scope, learning by experience and, thus, perfecting his skills. Of course, he needs to be competent, self-confident, and motivated and be ready to face up to immense responsibilities and think on his feet in case of any misunderstandings in this challenging and tough profession. We will write a custom essay sample on The Advantages and Disadvantages of the Interpreter’s or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Besides, it’s vitally essential for him to keep track of everything: historical events, places of interest, latest news and of course keep up with the changes in the language. Although one cannot know absolutely everything, the interpreter is an extremely curious person who takes special attention to updating his knowledge by any means and as long as he lives. Therefore, we’ve come to the greatest advantage of interpreting: it’s the opportunity to travel. If you asked me, I’d give my right arm for being an explorer of different cultures, minds and opinions. I’m very much into travelling and in several years to come I cannot imagine myself just sitting behind a desk and doing some clerical work, which is so tedious and routine that it bores me to death. I have every intention of getting acquainted with people from faraway lands, their habits, customs and ways of behavior. I find it so amazing to try to look at things from a different angle. I suppose such enjoyable experiences make a good influence on your all-round development and help in acquiring communication skills. And most importantly, if my future job includes this criterion, I will get complete job satisfaction and won’t dream of anything else. Moreover, at all times money has been indispensable to life so especially in today’s world we consider it while choosing our career. It’s realistic to get an eye on a company which is better-paid than the other one which is more pleasing but is known to be low status and badly-paid. But as you know, every man to his taste. I’d say that really efficient interpreters get a good salary and do not complain. So is interpreting a perfect job? Furthermore, this occupation provides good career prospects. Ask yourself ‘What do I want to get out of life? What’s high on my list of priorities? † Look around and see how lots of opportunities stretch ahead of you. It’s not that easy to be a high-flier but if one wants to get on in life he needs to pull his socks up and go straight to his objective no matter what. And now it’s high time to mention some drawbacks. From psychological aspect, working conditions can be rather stressful and tense at times. The interpreter needs to demonstrate exceptional accuracy because he is a go-between who breaks not only the language barrier, but also the cultural one. It’s forbidden for him to show any signs of doubt or be at a loss for words. Otherwise, our poor interpreter will be fired due to an unsigned contract or failed meeting. But why do you think there is an eraser on every pencil? According to the saying, to err is human and it’s not the end of the world! Anyway, he has to increase his stamina and be immune to stress and worry. What is more, the interpreter’s profession is very demanding and at the same time rewarding and valuable. It requires full commitment and sometimes even 24/7 work. People who go in for interpreting should think carefully whether they’ll manage to combine their job responsibilities with their family life. I think it’s rather tough for family members to put up with business trips and occasional absence of their beloved father, for instance. I’m of the opinion that there is a lot more to this life than just being up to your ears in work. All in all, there are no flawless jobs on earth. It’s everyone’s difficulty to make up one’s mind right and not to miss one’s vocation. As far as I’m concerned, interpreting appeals to me enormously. I realize how unpredictable this job may be and how it is important for the interpreter to be imaginative and creative. So I’m determined to make my way in the world and I’ll do my best to make a career in interpreting.

Free Essays on The Effects Of Terrorist Attacks And Natural Disasters On Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.

Abstract This study will assess the two types of traumatic events which are terrorist attacks and natural disasters and the role they play on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Gender was also taken into account when assigning individuals into groups. There were 100 participants 50 male and 50 female all of which completed an Impact of Events Scale after viewing twenty photos of one of the specified traumatic events. Women experienced higher PTSD then men. Also the photos of terrorist attacks received higher PTSD symptoms then natural disasters. The results confirmed that PTSD are correlated to the type of event and the gender of the subject. The Effects of Terrorist Attacks and Natural Disasters on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has various symptoms that are brought on by many different occurrences such as witnessing a traumatic event. There are two significant subjects that are involved in brining about this disorder. Disasters and the presence of terrorism are extremely relevant issues when examining PTSD. Natural disasters can happen in any given place, at any given time. When these natural disasters occur, there are many factors which cause them to be influential in the change of people’s lives. These disasters have such a profound effect on individuals’ lives because they are mostly unexpected, have unpredictable outcomes, and leave unchangeable results. Numerous areas of the United States experience various natural disasters through out the year. Approximately 2 million people in the United States alone will be affected by a natural disaster each year, according to (Benight, 1998). Although people living in these areas may expect particular specific natural disasters to occur at some point, there is always a level of uncertainty. The people of a small community in Colorado experienced a tremendous disas... Free Essays on The Effects Of Terrorist Attacks And Natural Disasters On Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Free Essays on The Effects Of Terrorist Attacks And Natural Disasters On Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Abstract This study will assess the two types of traumatic events which are terrorist attacks and natural disasters and the role they play on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Gender was also taken into account when assigning individuals into groups. There were 100 participants 50 male and 50 female all of which completed an Impact of Events Scale after viewing twenty photos of one of the specified traumatic events. Women experienced higher PTSD then men. Also the photos of terrorist attacks received higher PTSD symptoms then natural disasters. The results confirmed that PTSD are correlated to the type of event and the gender of the subject. The Effects of Terrorist Attacks and Natural Disasters on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has various symptoms that are brought on by many different occurrences such as witnessing a traumatic event. There are two significant subjects that are involved in brining about this disorder. Disasters and the presence of terrorism are extremely relevant issues when examining PTSD. Natural disasters can happen in any given place, at any given time. When these natural disasters occur, there are many factors which cause them to be influential in the change of people’s lives. These disasters have such a profound effect on individuals’ lives because they are mostly unexpected, have unpredictable outcomes, and leave unchangeable results. Numerous areas of the United States experience various natural disasters through out the year. Approximately 2 million people in the United States alone will be affected by a natural disaster each year, according to (Benight, 1998). Although people living in these areas may expect particular specific natural disasters to occur at some point, there is always a level of uncertainty. The people of a small community in Colorado experienced a tremendous disas...

Letter Recognition for Special Education

Letter Recognition for Special Education Letter recognition is the first skill a child needs to learn before beginning the task of learning decoding skills and then word recognition. Small children often learn to recognize the letters in their name first, and with that, they gain the understanding that letters, when put together, lead to meaning. Learning disabled children often do not. A reading disability can start anywhere on the chain that leads to reading fluency. It can often begin at the beginning: with letter recognition. Teachers sometimes make the mistake of â€Å"piling on,† trying to teach letter sounds at the same time as teaching letter recognition. Children who are clearly developmentally and intellectually ready to begin reading will quickly begin to see the relationship between letters and letter sounds. Learning disabled children will only find it confusing. Helping Learning Disabled Children with Letter Recognition: Consonants: When matching letters to pictures, stick to initial letter sounds for any letter matching and stick to one sound. Stick to the hard c and hard g. Never use â€Å"Circus† for the letter C. Never use gymnasium for the letter g. Or the vowel Y sound for the letter Y (Yellow, not Yodel.) Don’t try to get children to master the consonant sounds in the middle or final position until they are 100% with lower case d, p, b, and q. Vowels:  When teaching the vowels, stick to words that start with the short vowel sound, a is ant, not auto, aardvark, or Aspergers (none of which start with the short a sound.) Stick to short vowels, since they will be the glue for single syllable words. In Wilson Reading, a direct instruction program for reading, these are called closed syllables. Problems with Letter Orientation. Back in the 70s, reading professionals focused a lot on â€Å"dyslexia† with the belief that the primary problem was a letter or word reversal. It is true there are some children who do have a problem with letter orientation, but often learning disabled children have weak left-right orientation. We have noticed that young learning disabled children often have poor coordination and lack muscle tone. Multisensory Approaches to Letter Recognition Multi-sensory approaches are good to help learning disabled students build strong directionality. Hand over hand students who are not starting their letters correctly. This is not a place for creativity. Lower case d’s are circle stick. Lower case p’s are tail and circle. In that order. Always.   Sand writing: Wet sand in a dishpan or a wading pool. Have the children working on letter recognition make the letters as you call them out. Then give each of the children a turn to call out a letter for the others to make. Stick to one or two problem letters: b and p, g and q, or r and n. Try using a ruler for your letter bases.Pudding writing: Be sure hands are clean before initiating this activity. Tape waxed paper or clear wrap practice in on a table surface, and spoon out some chocolate (or another favorite) pudding on the paper/wrap. Have children spread the pudding out, like finger painting, and write the letters in the pudding as you call them out. Licking is allowed. Be sure to have plenty of paper towels handy.Sidewalk writing: Have your students write letters with sidewalk chalk as you call them out.Letter tag. Write letters on a hard surface playground. Stick to the ones you are focusing on. Call out a letter: anyone standing on the letter is safe. Call out another letter : the children need to run to another letter to be safe.

Human Right Law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human Right Law - Coursework Example Nonetheless, it is illegal for a public authority to function against the Article 10 of ECHR. A court in UK will be regarded as a public authority for this purpose. Thus, judges in UK are under obligation to develop the common law in accordance with Convention rights as regards to right to the freedom of expression1. The issue is whether the Home Secretary of UK , can use her power under UK criminal- justice legislation to shut down UKPFs website before the videos can be published, and this can be considered as an abusive of Norman’s right of freedom of expression granted both under HRA ,1998 and under ECHR ,1950? Nonetheless, the UK government has an obligation to safeguard people from terrorists’ menace and in such cases, freedom of expression can be confined to safeguard national security and public order. The right to freedom of speech or expression is granted under Article 10 of ECHR, which is subject to some restrictions such as it can be restrained in the interest of a country’s national security or to maintain public safety or to safeguard territorial integrity. A UK court cannot grant an interim order prohibiting publication of a material under section 12 of the HRA unless it is fully pleased that the claimant is probable to demonstrate at full trial that such publication should not be permitted as held in Cream Holdings Ltd v. Banerjee, 2 and it should have specific attention to the significance of the right to the freedom of expression, the magnitude to which such publication is in the public interest and any particular privacy codes. Due to this fact, it has become arduous to get interim injunctions against the media3. However, UK courts can use their power to protect any religious feelings as held in Wingrove v UK4 where a ban on short film â€Å"Visions of Ecstasy† was sought under blasphemous. It was alleged that the short film was intended to portray the visions of St. Teresa of Avila, in a sexually explicit manner. The

Exams often do little more than measure a person's ability to take Research Paper

Exams often do little more than measure a person's ability to take exams. Should exams be outlawed in favor of another assessm - Research Paper Example This is a widespread practice in universities to normal exams, where the main goal is judgment rather than using formative forms of assessment where the main objective is simply learning. A number of researchers have pointed out that there is reliance on exams as many educators evaluate their students in the same manner as they were evaluated when they were learners (Dikli, 2003). Coherently, phrases such as â€Å"Final Examination Marks† can be read in reports forms of today’s students (Boston, 2002). Normally referred to as end-of-the-year exams, such forms of assessment are intended to determine the extent of a student’s education. Simply put, did a learner learn what he/she was expected to learn and to what level? It is with these marks that an educator can assign a student a particular grade. Formative assessment, also known as assessment for learning, is a method, which is maybe, more than anything else, a benchmark for a teacher to decide what they require to do to push the student forward. It is, therefore, not for grading, but learning. This paper finds that formative assessment is a better tool for assessing a student when compared to exams and the findings will be discussed below. Exams An exam is an assessment tool planned to gauge a test-taker’s (student) skill, knowledge, aptitude and, at times, physical fitness or classification in numerous other topics. An exam might be administered verbally, on a computer, on paper or in a secured room, which needs a test taker physically and mentally to carry out a set of skills. Exams differ in style, requirements or rigor (Boston, 2002). For instance, in a closed examination conducted in a majority of schools, a test-taker is normally needed to depend on his/her memory to reply to particular items while, in an open test, the test-taker might utilize one or more supplementary sources. An exam might be administered officially or casually (Nicol & Macfarlane-Dick, 2006). A case of a casual exam would be a reading test given by an educator to a student. A case of an official exam, on the other hand, would be a final test given by an educator in a restricted classroom (Boston, 2002). Educators use these results to assign tests scores or grades. A test score might be understood in line with a criterion or norm, or even, at times, both (Dikli, 2003). The norm is that an exam might be established autonomously or by numerical analysis, or a considerable number of participants. Normally, the difficulty or format of the exam is reliant on the educational philosophy of the educator, class size, subject matter, requirement of accreditation and the policy of the institution (Boston, 2002). However, to what extent do exams assist students succeed in life? Is it a vital tool for assessing today’s students in a world filled with many individual who think creativity is better than the normal form of education? A lot of students today are worried about the amount of tim e, which is spent on exam preparation, and all the tension that is experienced (Boston, 2002). As a result, a good number of institutions are taking on progress assessments. Maybe, another option, nevertheless, should be for schools to do away with examinations (Dikli, 2003). Anxiety and stress are widespread in elementary, secondary, as well as university students these days, as