The Media of Diaspora Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Media of Diaspora - Essay Example The common notion of a globalised world is that it is composed of governmental organizations and big corporations, but this is not always the case as shown by large segments of the global population living in countries not their own but merely adopted. It gave the notion or concept of a movement that is â€Å"globalisation from below† and dispelled conventional wisdom also that a diaspora refers to the Jewish people only or exclusively. Discussion There are significantly large numbers of people living in other countries today due to the advent of modern forms of travel, such as the steamships and airplanes, which made travel easier and much cheaper. Prof. Karim H. Karim has sought to spotlight the public discourse on this growing number of people who uproot themselves to move to another country which he calls as transnational groups. These groups in turn use a variety of media to communicate and keep in touch with the original communities in their home countries, using various forms of communications such as postal mail, telephone, fax, satellite television, audiotapes, video cassette tapes and with the Internet, through e-mails and chat groups (Karim 1). The main purpose of Prof. Karim is to examine how these transnational groups have utilized various communication tools at their disposal and what the social effects are on them. The study of diapora today has been expanded from its previous closed set of characteristics to a broader definition in terms of its social scientific parameters regarding human dispersals. Some of the main points or arguments raised by Prof. Karim are that diasporas do not fit nicely into a neat definition at all times, except perhaps their common feature of being powerless in a foreign land; but even this definition does not hold true in all instances, as there are exceptions to this, such as ethnic groups which ended up as ruling elites, as in some Caribbean nations. A common misconception likewise dispelled by Prof. Karim is that diasporas are not exclusively among Asians, Africans or Latin Americans only but also include some of white ethnic groups such as Greeks, Macedonians, Italians and white Rhodesians, although these groups may have an easier time in assimilating because they are also white like the majority of Anglo-Saxons. The key marker or characteristic of a diasporas’ group is a non-dominant position in the global cultural context. Within this definition, the worldwide community of Muslims can be included because they do not have much access to global communications networks such as the CNN or the Reuters news organization like what other groups or main majority of citizens have. Diaspora does not pertain only to people going out of their native countries, as it is also applicable to indigenous peoples who have been displaced (or forcibly removed) from the traditional homelands they had previously occupied for centuries. The definition applies to the Inuit natives of Alaska and other parts of the Arctic circle who had remained within boundary of their countries but not in the earlier same exact geographical location (ibid. 2) and a clear manifestation of this condition is being â€Å"de-territorialised† as a nation of people. Pursuant to this longing for an ancestral homeland, many diaspora groups end up claiming certain lands in other territories despite some conflicting claims on it, like Israel in

Health risk and benfits of energy drinks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Health risk and benfits of energy drinks - Essay Example As such, it could be suggested that consumption of energy drinks has increased. The statistics are threatening given the fact that energy drinks have numerous risks that outweigh the benefits of the products as the discussion below portrays. Energy drinks have a number of advantages that manufacturers and marketers continue to sell in order to grow their markets. The main advantage arises from the product’s name and primary purpose. Energy drinks enhance the performance of the body. The drinks have high levels of caffeine and sugar. The sugar exists in the form of fructose and glucose that dissolves rapidly into the blood stream thereby providing a spontaneous boost in the performance of the body. Such impulsive boost in the performance of the body is always desirable especially in cases where the body shows signs of strain that affect the performance. Athletes for example may suffer from acute exhaustion and would require the rejuvenation of their energy levels. An increasing number of young people also continue to use energy drinks given their desire to have full functionality during most hours of the day (Burrows, Pursey & Neve, 2005). The use of energy drinks to revamp the performance of the body requires adequate education in order to possess the basic knowledge on the ingestion of fructose and glucose in the energy drinks. People must consume an adequate quantity of solid foods as well in order to complement the caffeine and sugar in the energy drinks. This way, the body benefits from numerous other nutrients from the solid foods that make it easy for the body sustain the demands of the energy drinks. Most people use energy drinks without eating adequate quantities of other solid foods, such imbalances have varied effects since the body lacks the mass and protein to enhance the increased performance of the body (Reissig, Strain & Griffiths, 2009). Among the

As Time Goes By Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

As Time Goes By - Movie Review Example In a scene at Rick's Cafà © Amà ©ricain, Ilsa asks Sam to play the song ‘As Time Goes By’ on the piano and Sam replies that he is a little rusty on the air but when Ilsa insists, and she hums the song for him, Sam plays the song. Ilsa then further insists that Sam sing the song, and he does. As Sam plays the tune, Ilsa is in a moony state as if the song brings up some memories (Langkjà ¦r). Shortly Rick walks into the Cafà © and scolds Sam for playing the song, but when he sees Ilsa the two look at each other for a while as the song continues to play in the background. It then becomes quite clear to the viewer, that this song is not just another soundtrack, but a tune that emphasized the love affair between Rick and Ilsa. From this moment on the song ‘As Time Goes By’, becomes part of the functional soundtrack music of the movie. The song on its own told the story of love when it played out again in the flashback sequence in Paris when Rick is in blue me mories, and every time Ilsa and Rick were together. The song ‘As Time Goes By’ became a natural hummable tune that left a lasting memory on the viewer(s) and reminded them of the striking romance between the two lovers in the movie Casablanca. In the movie, we see the theme of valor when Lazlo seeks to obtain the letters of transit from Rick even when he is aware that Major Strasser came to Casablanca to ensure that he does not succeed. On the other hand, we see the theme of sacrifice when Rick lets go of Ilsa, the love of his life and urges her to go with her husband Victor.

Danages and their calculability Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Danages and their calculability - Research Paper Example Damages, generally, vary largely depending on the type of loss or injury sustained, the claim presented and the jurisdiction in which the claim is brought. Though the general concept of damages is well rooted in common law not all damages are, especially when considering those recoverable in securities law (Hames 101). Nevertheless damage awards are often at the center of controversy given their monetary nature and their debilitating effect. In response, congress has attempted to address these concerns by enacting several statutes limiting the monetary awards damages can afford. Nonetheless, damages play an integral part of every legal system, providing teeth to every bite civil law imposes. This paper seeks to discuss and examine the different types of fraud damages available in breach of contract, tort, and under Rule 10b-5 and how those damages are calculated. Because the rules governing damage awards very greatly on the jurisdiction they are pursued in, the aim of this paper is t o provide a general understanding of the customary rules governing common damage types. The discussion is divided in three parts. Part one will briefly discuss the nature of damages. Part two will discuss fraud damage types and calculability in three sections: compensatory damages and restitution, mitigation of damages and punitive damages. Part three will examine and analyze the damages for fraud, and their related drawbacks under tort, contract breach, and 10b-5. In the legal system, civil law has its core principles in a system that serves in the perspective of a primary source in law. Based on the Roman law’s framework, civil law was developed from Western Europe origins. The same can be contrasted with common law, which basis intellectual dependency on judge made decisional laws, that accord precedential authority to any prior court decisions. The latter is on the principle of unfairness in treating similar facts, on different occasions in a different manner. In discussi ng about these issues, calculation of damages in relation to a legal dispute is essential especially in diminution values. Diminution of values depicts a measure of value that can be termed lost as owed to circumstances causing loss. Diminutive in value is a measure on an items value prior to and subsequent to the ideal act or an omission done to create the value lost to ensure calculation of compensation changes. Relating to theories available in legal damages this type of value in mostly used for damages related to special compensations (Johnson 76). The principles of damages and their calculability Before damages can be recovered, there must be a wrong committed (M11). Even if a loss has been incurred, damages cannot be awarded absent a wrong or invasion of a legal right (M11). The objective of damages is to give the claimant compensation for the loss or injury he or she has suffered, as a result of a breach of duty or right owed to the claimant (M12). Damages in fraud are econom ic losses that include all financial and material losses, such as loss of profits incurred or loss of value. (M12). These losses on their face can be measured financially. The general purpose of damages is to award the claimant an amount of money that will put him or her in the same position had he or she not been wronged (M13). The rule however is not absolute. There are limitations where the compensation

The Benefit of Management Information System Research Paper

The Benefit of Management Information System - Research Paper Example Informational system software’s corresponds to the needs of the end users and promises to be central to all future application systems. It enhances the information’s management to select diverse applications from the market in regard to the needs and cost appropriately while offering the guarantees and capacities to interlock with the global system. Dr S.shajahan (2004). Basing on informational researchers and practitioners; the requirements to curtail emergent technological risks has been a contentious point. Informational accessibility, confidentiality and integrity have been viewed as an integral aspect, nevertheless, the development of protective measures against a potential threat such as viruses, hackers and system failures have been the primary concern. One of the major challenges that management and precisely information technology managers face is keeping track of management information systems and optimizing the benefits of information technology derived from meeting current processing demand and strategic processing demands. Information technology is difficult to determine what systems to invest in. The question that lingers is whether to invest in information technology solutions that are currently needed or invest in information technology solutions that cater to the future needs of the organization. Technology is fast moving and management systems have evolved over the years from performing basic payroll tasks to complex tasks such as providing information regarding sales, inventory and decision making processes.

E-Business and Intellectual Property Essay Example for Free

E-Business and Intellectual Property Essay Patents need to be protected in order for a company to have an advantage in a very competitive market. The Internet revolution has seen a massive increase in the long distance purchases made by consumers, as geographical barriers is no longer as important as they were. Protection is needed for those businesses who conduct business in ways other than in person. A type of industrial property protection can basically be called patents. This type of protection is used to stimulate the innovation and design of new technology. It basically protects the investments made to develop new technology. Patent protection is usually given in terms, mainly about 20 years. In the article E-Boom or E-Bust? Business Method Patent and The Future of Dotcommerce, the authors argue that State Street Bank v. Signature Financial Group caused a rush upon the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (PTO). The evidence clearly supports such an argument. Before this State Street Bank business methods were unpatentable due to a judicial exclusion of methods of doing business. However, the court in State Street Bank, laid this exception to patent law to rest in 1998 stating that data structures encoded in computer memory constitute patentable subject matter (Marsden Huffman, 2000, p. 18). This had to cause a rush on the PTO. A whole new area of commerce had become available to patent protection; a rush would be the only term sufficient to define the number of patent applications that would descend on the PTO. The authors next argue that the Internet explosion also was affected by the courts finding in State Street Bank. The Internet revolves around commerce. Most sites have a way of generating money, whether producing revenue is from one-stop-shopping or advertising. Many of these sites have used or will use business methods that are patentable because of the State Street Bank decision. Companies only gain when they patent their internet business methods. The third argument concerns the value of the patent. According to Marsden and Huffman,As long as the patent applicant does not overreach by seeking claims so broad that they ultimately render the patent invalid in view of the prior art it can pursue broader and stronger patent rights under the new paradigm  of business method patenting than it would previously have expected (p. 19). They argue that a valid patent has three forms of value. The first form is offensive. This allows for the enforcement of a patent against infringers. If one has the power to make another stop use of an invention, it has control over that invention. The second form of value is defensive. Thus, it deters others from using invention, because of the patents existence. And the third form of value created by a patent is value in the financial market. Companies are better able to find financial backing when they are legally able to protect their property. The clearest support of the financial market theory is based upon the fluctuation of stock prices based on valid patents gained or patents lost due to invalidation. The fourth argument the authors address is the benefits and drawbacks of the broad patent rights. Clearly, the owners of a patent have a benefit. Others believe that broad business method patenting creates a burden on free commerce. The criticisms fall into one of three categories: patents in these fields will create barriers to commerce and innovation that outweigh the purported good of such patents; patents are being issued for trivial or obvious advances, or that are clearly anticipated by prior art; and PTO patent examining resources are inadequate to police the patenting process properly. The PTO responded to the criticism by making reforms that some feel will not change a thing. They have required such things as additional training, a new training manual, and special training as to prior art. The authors think to determine the benefits of these changes are too soon. They also believe that the area is too important to wait for public policy debates to determine the answer. The PTO must continue to issue patents while the answers are found. Then the PTO can make appropriate adjustments. The State Street Bank decision changed the way patent lawyers viewed business methods. Before, a lawyer would not even consider a patent application for a business method. But after 1998, business methods became patentable. This had to change the way patent law was practiced and the number of patent  applications made to the PTO. This argument naturally flows into Internet applications. It seems natural that patent law should provide protection for those holding patents. After reading this article, the three ways that a patent provides value for the holder, seem clear. It gives one the right to sue for infringement, provides others notice they have the patent, and turn an intangible idea into real property. The authors do not take a stand on whether they consider the current patent laws to be a benefit or a drawback. I personally think that the most benefit can be gained by over-granting patents rather than turning down patent applications. I would rather the PTO grant a patent, and it later be invalidated due to prior art, than it be denied out of hand. I suppose this argument essentially creates a company policing policy. But it would be necessary to sue if a company needed use of the patented invention. In areas such as business methods and software where changes occurs everyday, I think that there would probably be an alternative method. Companies would have to determine the importance of the invention to them, before they decided to sue. Patent law provides protection to E-business for their website operations, interfaces, financial management, transactions, and advertising. For an E-business to jeopardize its ability to file for a patent is not very easy. Obtaining a patent and reasons for obtaining one is a process that has to be very clear and precise. The E-business has to show just cause and information in order to obtain the patent. Reference: Marsden, W.J. and Huffman, J.A. (2000). E-Boom or E-Bust? Business Method Patent and The Future of Dotcommerce. Pp. 18-22, 28-29. Retrieved on February 28, 2008 from http://delawarebarfoundation.org/delawyer/Volume18_Number4_Winter2000-2001.pdf

The garden is an artistic recreation of nature Essay Example for Free

The garden is an artistic recreation of nature Essay There is a saying which goes, the garden is an artistic recreation of nature; a landscape painting in three dimensions. Gardens are considered as a serious art form that aims to create a balance, harmony, proportion and variety. It is distinctive by its symmetrical and controlled characteristics with the landscape beyond it considered as hazardous and hostile. As the 18th century, however, emerged, this view was changed as gardening turned towards its more â€Å"natural† style of planting. â€Å"Natural† gardens were first expressed by writers before it was attempted by garden designers. In Kirk Johnson’s article entitled English Landscape Gardens he said that this is not surprising since literature was more important in English culture than the visual arts. The essay of Sir William Temple entitled Upon the Gardens of Epicurus, which was written in 1685 and first published in 1692, praised what the author imagined as the Chinese Manner of garden style. This essay did not really caused the Europeans to imitate Chinese gardens but it helped them to open their minds to the possibility of creating gardens that differs from the formal tradition (Johnson, 1999). The Chinese imperial garden is basically built in two kinds of styles: first is a large park that is usually with a lake and islands; and the second, a small park which is more intimate because buildings are placed much closer with each other. These gardens are made to traditionally intend to depict the natural landscape of mountains and rivers. Viewed from within the garden, the Chinese design gardens as settings for everyday life. In these gardens, plants are treated in a naturalistic way and often included a water feature. One of the famous traditional Chinese imperial gardens is the Qianlong Garden situated at the Palace of Peace and Longevity in the Eastern section of the Former Imperial Palace which was constructed in the late 18th century in China during the reign of Emperor Qianlong What made this garden unique from other Chinese garden is that despite its limited space all the man-made sceneries built, played a role in beautifying the garden thus creating a harmonious whole. This garden features the famous Chinese rock formations which is the main feature that the Chinese was known for. This naturalistic view was the way that the Chinese depict their garden. Buildings where placed in this garden but due to the fact that there was a limited space of the building, the Chinese landscape designers worked on it in a more compact manner as it would not obliterate the naturalistic view of the landscape. The Kinning Lake which is almost three-fourths of the entire landscape forms part of the entire area of the Qianlong garden. This serpentine lake was transformed and beautified to depict the natural view and natural landscape that the Chinese landscape architects are known for. The English got their ideas of Chinese gardens essentially from the patterns on imported porcelain, lacquer work and silk where they got glimpses of gardens laid out without order or disposition. With these porcelains and other products, the inspiration and ideas was then set leading the new landscape architects to form works similar to the Chinese. The new style of gardening within the English landscape, pioneered by designers like William Kent, Lancelot (Capability) Brown and Humphrey Repton, swept away almost all the remnants of previous formally patterned styles. Looking at the masterpieces of these famous landscape designers, it is undeniable that the Chinese influence in gardening made its way to England during this period. One of the famous eighteenth century landscape garden created by Lancelot Brown is the Stowe Landscape Garden, where he had been the head gardener for ten years. This garden evolved from the traditional Baroque style to that which features the famous serpentine style of Brown. Similar to the Qianlong Garden of China where rocks are piled into hills and winding paths form a maze, Brown recreated a â€Å"Grecian Valley† that is an abstract composition of landform and woodland. This was an unusual composition as compared to the traditional English style that is based on symmetry and proportion. When Brown incorporated the maze form or winding paths, the traditional English style of gardens was revolutionized. The use of buildings in landscapes was the most seen influence by the Chinese. Since the English got their ideas merely on pictures rather than actual observations of Chinese gardens and the lack of detailed information, these garden buildings were quite misunderstood in Europe and tended to be over powering. The Chinese merely used garden buildings within relatively confined areas combining practicality with aesthetics. As buildings were added in the garden setting, some of the pleasing features of the Chinese architecture such as the parsols, pavilions, and bridges were adopted and mixed with the native English work. The Chinese parasols were also in fashion, these are small temples found mixed within the gardens. Later on, there were bridges that were constructed, since most Chinese influence includes small rivers, as they would depict a natural look, bridges were constructed as part of the general garden design. The Stowe Garden with its winding lake similar to the Qianlong Garden also has a bridge nestled in it as against the more traditional symmetry and with only fountains to incorporate water. Another Chinese influence to English garden is the use of Chinese ornamental details. These parsols or mini temples are incorporated on the serpentine lake which particularly depicts the Chinese influence. The more traditional style was then only benches and chairs, which is more likely symmetrical as against the naturalistic way because these mini temples serves as a place of relaxation since they are found near the lake. These are some of the things that the Chinese influenced the English gardens; however, they still do not fully depict the Chinese style but merely form part of the grand design. These ornamental details served to remind Europeans of the eighteenth century of the wondrous land of the East that during that time it was almost impossible to find any one of the larger European gardens that had not at least one Chinese pavilion. Chinese influence may be visible, but the main inspiration of these gardens came from old European paintings (Johnson, 1999). Be that as it may, there are still things that are incorporated in the English design that mainly depict the Chinese influence as part of the general inspiration. WORKS CITED: Gothien, Marie Louise. The English Landscape Garden: Chinese influence on English gardens. History of Garden Art. 1928. Johnson, Kirk. English Landscape Gardens. 9 July 1999. Retrieved from http://www. suite101. com/article. cfm/garden_design/21925/3 Shouyi, Chen. The Chinese Garden in Eighteenth Century England. Tien Hsia Monthly 2 (1936): 321-339. China: Love and Loathing Acquisition of Stuff; Devaluation of Culture. Influence of the Chinese