Developing Strategic Management and Leadership Skills

evolution strategical focal point and leading Skills labor movement 1.1A representative from its other wariness strategies, Virgin Atlantic has utilize Porters basic strategies to menage itself in the marketplace.Accordingly, a corporation localizes itself by consuming its strengths.Today, much(prenominal) and more stack and collections atomic number 18 struggling to be cognize in the business atomic number 18na. With this objective, these supervisions had been capable to adeptly and legally adjust to the seat in the market place by using general strategies that enhanced their enthusiasm. There argon five antithetic plebeian strategies that a company quarter choose.These involve attractions, diversity, focused homoagement and integrated constitute leading/differentiation. Each standard strategy helps the company to establish and mold a modest receipts within a particular competitive scope. By applying these as performs, three generic strategies are resul ted leaders, strategic differentiation and focus (Johnson..Scholes.1997). champion of the strategies operated by Virgin Atlantic is its qualification to profession in ally promote its brand names all over the marketplace. This strategic promotion has made the air duct companies to incessantly be cognise locally and internationally when it comes to travel fulfilment and convenience. Alternative strategy that stool be treasure to Virgin Atlantic as a whole is its skill to value their customers. Here, the company has been able to shadow other air behavior pains to cut their receipts cost while providing asidestanding proceeds to their target marketplace. Lastly, the ability to strategically line up modern technology and it business strategy is the most master(prenominal) strategy that can be tortuous to Virgin Atlantic.In contrast, the Virgin Atlantic has considered their neighbour airlines as its competitors. Due to the de economic system of the European Airline, many ai rlines stick been talented to cope with the changes and profess a tactical move of entering in this travel business. One of the industries that open its marketplace to the airline industry is the Virgin Atlantic. Virgin Atlantic is regarded as unrivaled of the UKs largest devisened airline. It is known for be such because of the strategies executed by the management of the airline industry (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson 2003). assign 1.2A companys strategy helps as the game plan management and is use to rod come on a market position, manner its operations, attract and please consumers, compete successfully, and achieve structural objectives. Thus, Total Quality centering (TQM) as a strategy is certainly appropriate for such situation. Total Quality Management is a viewpoint of management that is driven by the change little achievement of customer satisfaction though the nonstop cash advance of all organisational procedures (Robbins, 1998). It is a management viewpoint that seeks to integrate all organizational purposes such as finance, design, merchandising, engineering, customer spiritual service production, customer service, and others to focus on achiving customer needs and organizational objectives (Hashmi.2000).It is known that every organizations main purpose is to stay in business, so that it can promote the steadiness of the community, generate products and facilities that are useful to customers, and provide condition for the satisfaction and growth of organization associates. From this perception, it can be verbalise that TQM strategy for earning its normative outcomes is embedded in different management and leadership styles. Total Quality Management is a strategic procedurefor satisfying inseparable and external customers and throngers by integrating the business surroundings, continuous improvement, and come by dint of with growth, progress, and safeguarding the cycles while changing organisational philosophy. Furthermore,TQM is an array of management scheme throughout the organisation, geared to escort that the organisation to continuously attain or exceed customer requirements. TQM places strong focus on process measurement and controls as means of continuous improvement (McNamara.1999).Furthermore, Total Quality Management is extremely variable and alignable. Although originally applied to manufacturing operations, and over the years only utilized in that area, TQM is now being recognised as a standard management appliance, just as applicable in service and public sector groups like the Virgin Atlantic airline industrie (Hashmi, -2004).The Total Quality Management (TQM) philosophy of management is customer-oriented. Hence, the Virgin Atlantic operations must be create in order to gradually conceive with the improvement of their operation through the on-going contri exception of all employees in problem solving de circumstanceinations across rifleal and hierarchical borders. TQM incorporates the con cepts of service class, process management, prize declaration, and quality perfection. Therefore, they must be able to control all alteration processes with regards to their operations and services to in terminal figureit satisfy customer requirements in the most economical way.In applying total quality management to this particular airline procedure, they must be able to chain it with the core strategy of the industries. This does non mean that such airline companies must permit entire variations. It is heavy that in application of the Total Quality Management to the Virgin Atlantic operations and services they must alike consider that an suitable strategy should be used in order to employ a total quality operations and facilities that would satisfy all clients and customers.TASK 1.3CHALLENGE 1Cost Reduction StrategyTo achieve its goal of having a reasonable position in the airline market, Virgin Atlantic uses a cost reduction strategy. Such cost reduction strategy trusts o n five main aspects like contracting out services, fleet commonality, airport charges and course guidelines, managed module costs and productivity and managed marketing charges. With their purchase of aircraft Boeing 787- 9, Virgin Atlantic has been able to gain capacity and decreases the average age of fleet which means savings on maintenance costs and evading the fit of European Union-conform equipment on old feet.The next factor under the cost reduction strategy of Virgin Atlantic is narrowing out services. In this manner, aircraft handling, handling, ticketing, and other functions are contracted out by Virgin Atlantic to third parties. In addition, in order to jump their expenses engine and weighty maintenance are in like manner contracted out whereas the staff of Virgin Atlantic carries out routine maintenance.A nonher issue for the cost reduction strategy of the company is in foothold of airport charges and route policies. Herein, Virgin Atlantic has made sensible choice of dealing with secondary and regional airports, where the traffic is not blocked and fees incomparably lower. Since Virgin Atlantic, is a true bonus for such airports, the airline company has a bargaining power which enables it acquirefavourableaccess fees. In addition, Virgin Atlantic provides only a point-to-point provision, thus, it has no cost concerning connecting passengers. Furthermore, the company pays special focus to on-time departures because it means maximising aircraft use.Managing staff budgets and productivity is other factor used for reducing the cost for Virgin Atlantic. In this manner, the company pays its staff on modest salary but has narrow up a motion related pay structure which impulses employees to maximize the estimate of sectors flown daily. This way, Virgin Atlantic both controls productivty and keeps staff costs grim.CHALLENGE 2Critical Success Factors Although the company had encountered different difficulties, precisely in line with its cost structures, the company had been able to survive and grow in the market. Virgin Atlantic implement different marketing strategy to make the company last in the competition and to be able to gain competitive position in the airline market. It is said that the company was regarded late as the most prompt airline betwixt Dublin andLondon. And because of the strategy of the industry, Virgin Atlantic is now known as the second largest airline in United Kingdom having a net drop dead of over 57 routes in 11 countries and served by a number of fleet.In order to position itself in the marketplace the company continuously concentrates on driving own its costs to head the lowest fares possible and watch profitable. In addition, Virgin Atlantic offer minimum standards of service and very low prices for point-to-point, short haul safety valves. The goal of Virgin Atlantic is to meet the needs oftravellingat the lowest possible price. The Critical Success Factors (CSFs) are as follows in a irline industry the strategic focus of having the lowest prices, being reliable within the marketplace, comfort and service and frequency.It is noted that low-cost companies concentrate on this first critical success factor by trying to offer the lowest prices. Although Virgin Atlantic has eliminated extras such as in- race meals, advanced seat assignment, free drinks and other services, it still prioritizes features which remain important to its target market. Such features include frequent departures, advance reservations, baggage handling and consistent on-time services.TASK 2TASK 2.1SWOT AnalysisFirst is the Virgin Atlantic Strengths, thither is no doubt that influence, values and legacy of Mr Bronson is one of their major strengths. Other advantage is that the business is privately owned which means they can manage the business well(p) without the aid of following the governments restrictions. The business excessively set the dear image and good marketing strategy which re flects in promoting each others business as part of the alliance. Since it is the first company that offers low prices, they also get a chance to lease the aircrafts. Another factor is the strong leadership team of the seniors who are hooked enough in lead story the entire organization toward the competency.Second are the Weaknesses behind the Virgin Atlantic. Because of the different business try-outs of MR. Branson, he is also part of his businesss weakness. completely of his proposed projects or business strategies affect his other business although it is successful and stable. Another weakness is the low return of cash flow because they offer low prices for the passengers and on that point is a high expenditure for maintenance of the aircraft and sustaining the quality of their service. Third are the Opportunities for the Virgin Atlantic. There are more cities open for another cordial reception service and based on the smooth record of the airline, it is another success for them. nigh of the large airline companies had bring forthd bankruptcy and it is a with child(p) opportunity and in addition, the European Union is on their side to support.Threats are the fourth analysis on the airlines. The rapid growth and change in the world economy is a factor of threat because of the New Airline Restrictions. Another is the competition and high prices on the cost of fuels, threats on the terrorism, over flight restrictions, and the natural airline companies are the other brisk threats.Other StrategyThe possible strategies of the airline can be through the expansion of partnerships to broaden the service of the Virgin Alliance and croak providing the quality of service in smaller markets. They can also try to invest in U.S. for there is a great possibility to capture the markets. Since the airline id popular because of their service offered, they can answer the needs of the customers in the cities where there is a large group of jetsetters and business cl ass which is another advantage to profit the rate of return of the customers (2000).Although the advertising is effective, the company should make it more intense to stay well in the market competition. This result keep the airline be above the standard of their service. In addition, they can nevertheless try other marketing strategies. The existing credit cards can be valued and it is more applicable if the advertisement they will create is in the language the potential customers can bring in.TASK 2.2CLASSIC AIRLINE STRATEGIESIssue and Opportunity Identification unspotted Airlines COULD commands a fleet of more 375 jets that serve 240 cities with more than 2300 daily flights. In the 25 years since it inception, Classic Airlines has grown to an organization of 32000 employees, and it earned $10 gazillion on $8.7 billion in sales (Simulation, 2009). Classic in no stranger to the challenges that plague todays airlines. Increased uncertainty nigh flying has affected industry sto ck prices across the board, and Classic has seen a 10% decrease in share prices. The airline has been operating under a microscope watch, subject to scrutiny from all sectors.In addition, the raising cost, particularly of fuel and labor has limited Classics ability to compete for the valued frequent flier. To alleviate this problem, Classics Board of Directors recently mandated a 15 percent across-the-board cast reduction (Simulation, 2009). Although Classic has charge the company to implement a cost reduction, they must still find a way to profit its frequent flier program with methods that will demonstrate a measurable return on any investment.Stakeholder Perspectives/Ethical DilemmasClassic stakeholder perspectives are to increase profitability and market share. It must also strengthen its programs and competitive position, while reducing their costs. The ethical dilemma that Classic Airline is facing is the morality of the company. The coalescency representative has steered Cl assic relatively clear of major obstacles in an increasingly volatile union climate. However, they are concerned that Classic will be futile to meet its flowing and future obligations to its employees on their importance to the organization (Simulation-2009). This can become an ethical dilemma since must union work with contracts and not clash their obligation can cause a legal problem as well.Frame the Right ProblemThis Airline places to remain a competitor in the industry. Their goals are to land cost and increase customer satisfaction. Furthermore, the company needs to increase sales and target customers that left to other airlines. Scorecards measurements will conk results of marketing strategies in order to see if results are favourable.Describe the End-State VisionAirlines will implement marketing strategies to entice existing customers and new ones by delivering quality service and introducing better Classic Rewards programs. Utilizing more the CRM system will help moni tor area that require improvement and deliver products that customer pauperisms. To implement the changes a timeline will be put in place. The first half(prenominal) of the year improvement to the CRM system will take effect. This produce statistics needed to see results when the second half of the year new products, programs, and savings are implemented.TASK 3.1 divulge and Assess RisksVirgin Atlantic identified the need to improve their Classic Rewards program. The step that companies recently take in the new-product process to provide a needed focus for ideas and concepts developed in later stages. This statement help one understand that there a several steps to a new product that a company needs to take. Within those steps, many risk are taken that can affect stakeholders and different areas of the company, such as the budget of the company, Changes require new budgeting that a company might not have.Identify the Alternatives and Benchmarking ValidationThey need to chance u pon alternatives for marketing strategies to help increase customer satisfaction, retain their loyal customers, acquire new cliental, decrease cost, raise morale, and establish new programs or enhance existing ones. To accomplish this, they need to perform benchmarking validation, with other companies, such as British Airways (BA). Some of BAs experiences can help set Classic Airlines in the right fillion.To accomplish the changes Virgin Atlantic needed, the executive vice president and chief marketing officer should announce the expanded utilization of BAs marketing department with the establishment of an insertion and Strategy group comprised of the following functions Research and Development, Strategic Insights and Innovation, and Operations Innovation (Restaurant new resource, 2006). They also need to indicate that they have completely retooled and reinvigorated their victimization process, and their product pipeline is filled with a wide array of exciting options, this was accomplished by creating a single team responsible for driving and enhancing vicissitude at all levels.Evaluate the AlternativesAirlines marketing strategies were to increase customer satisfaction. As a result, this will increase profit, retain customers, and acquire new ones. Comparing to BAs, they were fall revenues, customer satisfaction, and certainly not acquiring new customers. In fact, the ones that stayed with Classic were flying less.Another alternative solution suggests is that they may want to get better CRM system that will help then products reports that tell them where they stand. These reports can segment for different elements such as customer evaluations, customer trends, and customer flying habits.Identify and Assess RisksThey identified the need to improve their Classic Rewards program. The step that companies recently take in the new-product process to provide a needed focus for ideas and concepts developed in later stages (Kerin, R A, 2006). This statement he lp one understand that there a several steps to a new product that a company needs to take. Within those steps, many risk are taken that can affect stakeholders and different areas of the company, such as the budget of the company, Changes require new budgeting that a company might not have.TASK 4.1Analysis on the future existenceThe airport dominance has grown competitive in the hospitality industry of every country. Accommodating this competitive growth is the role it plays in the helping the economy to survive. There is always a different philosophy in every business venture in the heads of the enterprisers and airlines are a huge investment that still on the eluding-to-case basis for survival. In addition, there is a regulation that is strictly implemented in the market which makes the competitive advantage hard to catch. The ad hoc strategy that can be applied is out of interest in finding dominant position. This is the evolving issues for the changes that might happen insi de an organization. The similarities, differences and crossing out of the unlikely process and procedures are the continuous methods applied in the intermediate term of the companys existence.Sustainable Competitive AdvantageThe Virgin Airlines outrageous connection to media gave the business a huge market competency advantage. The accessibility to the media such as television, radio, and even newspapers gave the business and the other business under the Virgin base give the opportunity to promote each other. The leadership of Mr Richard Branson gave an incredible impact on this matter.TASK 4.2MrBranson incorporated the business under the certain criteria or conditions.it should be in high quality the business should promote innovation provide a good value for the money it should introduce a kind of challenge to existing alternatives and it must be also with the sense of fun.Virgin Atlantic started back in 1984 with a single 747-200 and flying in route of London to New York. Aside from the gasoline, the business was fuelled with two ideas to offer low price and have a better service. Passengers are the treated as visitors and the business thought of the things to serve better meals, offer more entertainment, create fun, and acquire smiling and enthusiastic flight crews. For over the years, the airlines shook the industry with the project for innovation to provide the quality of service and entertainment. The airline is the first to offer two choices of meals, even in economy class, and spa-services. Thus, they became the industry most favourite in airlines and second largest long-haul carrier on the route of London to New York.The leadership of Mr Branson is felt by all of his flight crews and supports them in every step they create. The ingredients to success that Mr Branson formulated is first, he is unafraid to failures and instead of sticking with one you know, he proposes the idea of reservation great things if an entrepreneur knows one business, the n he will know any business. Another is to focus on his employee and staying the course as if in placing the control over the business.The different entered businesses of Mr Branson are not all successful and there are many problems which are different on the leaders idealistic mind. Even if the Virgin Group failed at the other invested business, they still keep the values which is unique than the other organizations.ConclusionThe Bransonism, taken from the name of Mr. Branson, believes in the idea that if the company grows larger and larger, the leader should treat the people working under him as human beings and as essential players of the organization. Moreover, he believes that a business will fail if he doesnt give it try for failures are the start of great things. And a leader should find the people who are good at motivating the others and getting the best out of people.Virgin Airlines has expanded and reached the United States, Asia, and South Africa. Only Mr Branson set sig hts in building the domain in United States if he can tear down the barriers blocking foreign-owned airlines from offering routes the United States.Developing strategic management and leadership skillsDeveloping strategic management and leadership skillsThe field of management deals with organizations. Our society could not exist or improve its present status without private instructors to guide it organizations. Thirty years ago, Peter Drucker, a noted management authority, pro birdsonged that effective management was becoming the main resource of developed nations, and that it was the most needed resource of developing nations.Functions of Strategic Management1. Planning2. Organizing3. Leading4. ControllingPlanning is considered to be the central function of management because it sets the pattern for the other activities to follow. Planning means defining goals for future organizational surgery and deciding on the tasks and use of resources needed to attain them (Richard Daft). Planning encompasses four elements Evaluating environmental magnates and organizational resources establishing a set of organizational goals Developing strategies and plans to achieve the stated goals formulating a decision- fashioning processOrganizing is the managerial function of making sure there are available the resources to carry out a plan. Organizing involves the assignment of tasks, the grouping of tasks into departments, and the allocation of resources to departments (Richard Daft) coachs must bring together individuals and tasks to make effective use of people and resources. Three elements are essential to organizing developing the structure of the organization Acquiring and training human resources Establishing communication patterns and networksLeading is another of the basic function within the management process Leading is the use of influence to motivate employees to achieve organizational goals (Richard Daft). Three components make up the leading function Motivat ing employees Influencing employees forming effective groupsThe final phase of the management process is lordly. Controlling means monitoring employees activities, determining whether the organization is on target toward its goals, and making correction as necessary (Richard Daft ). Three basic components constitute the control function Elements of a control system Evaluating and rewarding employee performance controlling financial, informational, and physical resourcesImproving Organizational PerformanceThe performance is a global concept the represents the results of human activities. Organizational performance is the way in which an organization tries to be effective (Ricky W. Griffin). An organizations performance can be measured in many different ways. The most common ways are in terms of cogency or effectiveness. If organizations are using their resources to attain their goals, the managers are effective. Finally, productivity is the level of output of goods and services ach ieved by the resources of an organization (Ricky W. Griffin) Effectiveness, energy, performance, and productivity are all important concepts for managers and organizations.Communicating and Implementing ChangeThis work advances a stronger conceptual and empirical understanding of two broad, conceptual communicative treatments for implementing change programmatic and participatory. These theoretical approaches are elucidated respectively through established communication models, activities, and strategies advanced by previous scholarship within the communication and business disciplines. This article concludes with potential strategies for advancing for seek in this arena.Developing and Leading High Performance TeamHigh acting teams at all levels are essential for achieving outstanding organizational performance. This is especially so in situations of rapid or major change and during crises. Each team should have1. Common vision, objective and direction.2. High standards.3. Mutual respect, trust and accountability.4. Individual sense of indebtedness.5. A sense of team identity.6. High motivation and team energy.Definitions of LeadershipMintzbergs observations and research indicate that diverse manager activities can be organized into ten roles. For an important starting point, all ten rules are vested with formal authority over an organizational unit. From formal authority comes status, which leads to various interpersonal relations, and from these comes access to information, which, in turn, enables the manager to make decisions and strategies.The figurehead role Every manager must perform some duties of a ceremonial nature. These activities are important to the smooth functioning of an organization.The leader role This role involves leadership. The leader role encompasses relationships with subordinates, including motivation, communication, and influence.The liaison role in which the manager makes contacts inside and outside the organization with a wide r ange of people subordinates, clients, business associates, government, trade organization officials, and so on.The monitor role This role involves seeking current information from many sources.The disseminator role In their disseminator role, managers pass information to other, both inside and outside the organization.The spokesperson role In their spokesman role, managers send some of their information to people outside the organization about company policies, needs, actions, or plans.The entrepreneur role In his entrepreneur role, managers search for improvement his unit to adopt it to changing conditions in the environment.The disturbance handler role This role involves responding to high-pressure disturbances.The resource allocator role In their resource allocator role, managers make decisions about how to allocate people, budget, equipment, time and other resources to attain sought after outcomes.The negotiator role The negotiations are duties of the managers job. These activ ities involve formal negotiations and bargaining to attain outcomes for the managers unit indebtedness.FollowershipThe Courageous Follower is a contemporary classic that redefines the power and responsibility of associateship, the role of many who must support, confront, engage, foster, and leverage the talents and wisdom of their leaders.Direct versus Indirect LeadershipThe direct leadership is about giving dictations to your people and maybe enforcing yourself as a leader while the Indirect type of leadership has to do with like having thousands of followers without even possessing the role of leadership. The indirect leadership has to do with influencing others and making them your followers indirectly by inspiring them through the character, charisma etc. Leadership is not about ruling people like subjects and taking it for given(p) its about presenting you as someone who people think should be followed for guidance. Its about winning the minds and hearts of people.1.2 Manage ment and Leadership StyleAutocraticAutocratic leadership can be said to be synonymous to dictatorship where only one person has the authority over the followers or workers. Their decision has to be taken as the golden rule and should never be questioned. They plan out everything and order their subordinates to work according to their rules. For instance, if a company has an autocratic leader as the Managing Director, the employees in the company would have to work as per the rules set down by him.BureaucraticThis style of leadership follows a close set of standards. Everything is done in an exact, particularized way to ensure safety and/or accuracy. You will often find this leadership role in a situation where the work environment is dangerous and specific sets of procedures are necessary to ensure safety.CharismaticCharismatic Leaders, who are building a group, whether it is a political party, a cult or a business team, will often focus strongly on making the group very clear and distinct, separating it from other groups. They will then build the image of the group, in particular in the minds of their followers, as being far superior to all others. The Charismatic Leader will typically attach themselves firmly to the identify of the group, such that to join the group is to become one with the leader. In doing so, they create an unchallengeable position for themselves.Laissez-FaireLaissez faire style solely means a delegate approach to leadership. Many researchers have found out that those children, who grow under laissez-faire leadership establishments, happen to be the less productive in any group. This was also reinforced by these children making more demands upon their leader, as researchers have come to ascertain, amidst showing little in terms of cooperation as well as the inability to work more independently.PersuasivePersuasion is an essential proficiency for all leaders, requiring you to move people toward a position they dont currently hold. You mus t not only make a rational argument, but also frame your ideas, approaches and solutions in ways that appeal to diverse groups of people with basic human emotions. Any direct attempt to persuade may provoke colleagues to oppose and polarize. Because persuasion is learning and negotiating process, it must include three phases discovery, homework and dialogue.ParticipativeThe participative leadership style, also known as the participative democratic leadership style, is a very essential factor in todays business sector, which does the job of creating and maintaining healthy relationships between the employees and their leaders. This is probably the best type of corporate leadership style that necessarily allows employees to give suggestions and take some of the crucial decisions, along with their manager. However, the final decision rests on the manager himself.Culture of OrganizationOrganizational culture is an idea in the field of organizational studies and management which describe s the psychology, attitudes, experiences, beliefs and values (personal and cultural values) of an organization. It has been defined as the specific collection of values and norms that are shared by people and groups in an organization and that control the way they interact with each other and with stakeholders outside the organization.Characteristics of ManagerA good manager is the one who can manage his organization successfully and profitably.The characteristics of a best manager is he should be able to understand every team members strengths and weaknesses and utilize every members abilities at his/her best in the interest of the organization and motivate the staff, understand and acknowledge every staff members efficiency and reward them accordingly. A good manager is like the good leader who doesnt say do it but says lets do it.Adapting Management and Leadership StylesLeading is something we huckster learn in the abstract. Weve got to do it. Theres not always a choice as to wh o well lead, and you have to be willing to change the how. The steady striker who wants to be alone the creative fireball whos frequently missing the expert with personal problems all has contributions to make. They need different approaches to bring out their best, and we have to adapt the way you lead.Chapter-2Support Organizational Direction2.1 TheoriesTransformation Leadership TheoryTransformational leadership is defined as a leadership approach that causes change in individuals and hearty systems. In its ideal form, it creates valuable and positive change in the followers with the end goal of developing followers into leaders. Enacted in its authentic form, transformational leadership enhances the motivation, morale and performance of his followers through a conformation of mechanisms.Transactional Leadership (Bennis, Bass)Transactional leadership is a term used to classify a formally known group leadership theories that inquire the interactions between leaders and followers . A transactional leader focuses more on a series of transactions. This person is interested in feel out for oneself, having exchange benefits with their subordinates and clarifies a sense of duty with rewards and punishments to reach goals.Charismatic Leadership (Weber, Corger, and kanungo)Max Webers conceptualization of charismatic authority as a force for change has had a profound influence on the ideas and research of societal scientists for several decades. The article explores the impact of Webers conceptualization upon one particular group of researchers-the organizational behaviorists. Starting in the 1970s, they began to formulate theoretical models of charismatic leadership in organizational settings and undertook empirical investigations. Similarly to Weber, they saw charismatic leadership as a force for change in organizations. This article examines Webers conceptualization of charisma as a force for transformation explores the boundary of his impact on organizational research of the 1980s and 1990s and draws attention to neglected areas of his theory that have important implications for future research.Contingency Theory (Feidler)The contingency model emphasizes the importance of both the leaders personality and the situation in which that leader operates. A leader is the individual who is given the task of directing and coordinating task-relevant activities, or the one who carries the responsibility for performing these functions when there is no appointed leader.Situational TheoriesPaul Hersey and Kenneth H. Blanchard5 (a co-author of the One Minute Manager) identified a three-dimensional approach for assessing leadership effectiveness Leaders march task behavior (the extent to which leaders are likely to organize and define the roles of followers and direct the work) and relationship behavior. The effectiveness of the leader depends on how his or her leadership style interrelates with the situation. The willingness and ability (readiness) o f an employee to do a particular task is an important situational factor.2.2 steamy IntelligenceEmotional intelligence is the ability, capacity, skill or, in the case of the trait EI model, a self-perceived ability to identify, assesses, and controls the emotions of oneself, of others, and of groups. Different models have been proposed for the definition of EI and there is disagreement about how the term should be used. Despite these disagreements, which are often passing technical, the ability-EI and trait-EI models enjoy support in the literature and have successful applications in various domains.Constrainer and EnablersSome of the constraints that may affect the process improvement and change efforts are Cultural and Behavioral Factors, Organizational Structure, and Technology. These factors influence incremental and fundamental improvement efforts. The initiatives weaken because of a companys failure to consider these constraints, which in turn, limits success of the plan. The organizations, which are more inept to change, thrive on change. Smaller organizations may have the same constraints if the environment is intentionalStudies on Emotional QuotientGolemans model outlines four main EI constructs egotism-awareness the ability to read ones emotions and recognize their impact while using gut feelings to guide decisions.Self-management involves controlling ones emotions and impulses and adapting to changing circumstances.Social awareness the ability to sense, understand, and react to others emotions while comprehending social networksRelationship management the ability to inspire, influence, and develop others while managing conflict2.3 Applicability to Support Organization Direction talentEfficiency in general describes the extent to which time or effort is well used for the intended task or purpose. It is often used with the specific gloss of relaying the capability of a specific application of effort to produce a specific outcome effectively with a minimum amount or quantity of waste, expense, or unnecessary effort. Efficiency has widely varying meanings in different disciplines.ReliabilityIn general, reliability (systemic def.) is the ability of a person or system to perform and maintain its functions in routine circumstances, as well as hostile or unexpected circumstances.InnovationInnovation can therefore be seen as the process that renews something that exists and not, as is commonly assumed, the introduction of something new. Furthermore this makes clear innovation is not an economic term by origin, but dates back to the middle Ages at least and by chance even earlier.AdaptionAdaptation is the evolutionary process whereby a population becomes better suited to its habitat. This process takes place over many generations, and is one of the basic phenomena of biology. The term adaptation may also refer to a feature which is especially important for an organisms survival.Human ResourceHuman resource is a term used to d escribe the individuals who make up the workforce of an organization, although it is also applied in labor economics to, for example, business sectors or even whole nations. Human resources is also the name of the function within an organization charged with the overall responsibility for implementing strategies and policies relating to the management of individuals. This function title is often abbreviated to the initials HR.Organizations and SubunitsAn organization is a social arrangement which pursues collective goals, controls its own performance, and has a boundary separating it from its environment. There are a variety of legal types of organizations, including corporations, governments, non-governmental organizations, international organizations, armed forces, charities, not-for-profit corporations, partnerships, cooperatives, and universities.A subunit is a subdivision of an official unit. Unit codes of subunits end in a non-zero number between -001 and -999. While official units represent official academic or administrative university entities, subunits are established to allow for more granular control over funds or workflow within the official unit. Subunits are typically associated with individuals, programs, or projects.Business start up versus EstablishedDespite their similarities, start-up companies and established small businesses can be dramatically different when it comes to funding. Established small businesses usually have modest profits and rarely become huge money makers. Start-ups, on the other hand, often have lofty ambitions and the possibility of becoming huge businesses in the future.Turnaround Leadership1. Leadership during a turnaround is very different from business as usual leadership, find out how if differs2. If you are not booming with this best practices leadership style, then you must find someone who is3. This leadership style works but can lead to confusion and resentment, find out whyChapter-3Assess Leadership Requiremen t3.1 Assess Leadership RequirementsThe first and most basic prerequisite for leadership is the desire to lead. After all, becoming an effective leader takes hard work. If were not prepared to work hard at developing your leadership skills or if, deep down, were really not sure whether you want to lead or not, we will struggle to become an effective leader.Virtual OrganizationA virtual organization is not business as usual. It requires a new management approach and an incredible awareness of the issues and challenges that could cause its demise. In a recent focus group represented by twenty members of a single virtual organization, but located at numerous site locations, the following challenges were recorded1. Communication2. Leadership/management3. Knowledge transfer4. Processes5. nucleotideDiversityThe concept of diversity encompasses acceptance and respect. It means understanding that each individual is unique, and recognizing our individual differences. These can be along the d imensions of race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, age, physical abilities, religious beliefs, political beliefs, or other ideologies.GlobalizationGlobalization describes the process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a global network of political ideas through communication, transportation, and trade. The term is most closely associated with the term economic globalization the integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration, the spread of technology, and military presence.Economic ClimateGeneral economic environment comprising of the attitude of the government and lending institutions toward businesses and business activity, attitude of labor unions toward employers, current taxation regimen, inflation rate, and such.E-LeadershipE-leadership is no different from any other form of effective leadership except that in e-lead ership you have no option but to be very good at it. It requires a high level of transformational leadership because of the highly participative nature of the e-world between E-organizations and e-customers and the interconnectedness between leader and follower with the ever-increasing reality of the blurred lines between the two.Mergers and TakeoversIna general sense,mergers andtakeovers are very similar corporate actions they combine two previously separate firms into a single legal entity. Significant operational advantages can be obtained when two firms are combined and, in fact,the goal of mostmergers and acquisitions is to improve company performance and shareholder valueover the long-term.RestructuringRestructuring is the corporate management term for the act of reorganizing the legal, ownership, operational, or other structures of a company for the purpose of making it more profitable, or better organized for its present needs. Alternate reasons for restructuring include a change of ownership or ownership structure, demerger, or a response to a crisis or major change in the business such as bankruptcy, repositioning, or buyout. Restructuring may also be described as corporate restructuring, debt restructuring and financial restructuring. right LeadershipThere is a connection between trust and integrity, but trust is a broader concept. People need to be competent to earn our trust, not just honest. To be a credible candidate for any job, a person needs the skills and personal qualities to be effective in the role. Integrity is also broader than honesty. In addition to being honest, leaders with integrity must behave ethically. A criminal could be honest while breaking the law.Partnership and AlliancesThe Managing Partnerships and Strategic Alliances programmed focuses on deepening your understanding of the strategic foundation, the governance structure and the dynamics of the collaborative process. The programmed discusses the problems and stumbling bl ocks in selecting, negotiating and managing alliances. Throughout this intensive programmed, both practical and theory are carefully balanced so that you learn not only the frameworks, but also the key behaviors and cross-cultural competencies that lead to collaborative success.Regulatory ComplianceIn general, compliance means conforming to a rule, such as a specification, policy, standard or law. Regulatory compliance describes the goal that corporations or public agencies aspire to in their efforts to ensure that personnel are aware of and take steps to comply with relevant laws and regulations.Interim LeadershipRecognizing that management teams may lack experience in turning around a business, we introduce experienced turnaround professionals who can step into executive or advisory roles in the business, such as chairmen, CEOs, CFOs, chief restructuring officers, operations, marketing, human resources, non-executive directors and advisers/mentors to boards.Chapter-4Plans of Leade rship Skills4.1 Development of Leadership SkillsThe leadership skill set in the book comprehensively covers the subject of managing people, from A to Z. It includes how to effectively deal with stress and 22 problematic workplace conditions and behaviors such as bosses, bureaucracy, negative attitudes and personality clashes. Whether we manage one person or thousands, these clearly defined leadership skills are your script for achieving excellence.Different Methods of developing leadersGreat limit delivered well is not enough to help individuals change their behaviors. Assuming good content and capable personnel, the structure of a learning initiative and the methods used to convey knowledge will either ensure success or guarantee failure.Self help and developmental activitiesTraining CoursesPeople need a reason to change. Establish new programs that reward the individuals that are ready to step up. When employees see the advantage of leadership they are going to change their behav ior. These do not have to only have to be financial incentives. There are a variety of ways to reward employees. People love to be recognized. It is a good idea to show gratitude through having an employee of the month or posting success stories in the company news letter.Job RotationJob rotation is an approach to management development where an individual is moved through a schedule of assignments designed to give him or her breadth of exposure to the entire operation. Job rotation is also practiced to allow qualified employees to gain more insights into the processes of a company, and to reduce boredom and increase job satisfaction through job variation.SeminarsSometimes the traditional approach has its place delivering learning to large or small groups. Some company uses this method as part of a wider blended learning initiative. By itself a group seminar is, in our view, an ineffective method of conveying learning. decision maker CoachingHigh impact and participant focused get o ne to one coaching right and you can transform individual performance great goals, great techniques, and great results.MentoringMentoring is to support and encourage people to manage their own learning in order that they may maximize their potential, develop their skills, improve their performance and become the person they want to be.Action informationPhysical activity can be a powerful medium for promoting learning. A team exercise, inwardly or outdoors, can bring insights that hours of discussion would fail to reveal. The secret is in debrief and in designing activities to fit with the messages and objectives of an overall initiative.Self Directed LearningSelf directed learning is a way of creating a situation where learning is owned by the individual and aligned with organizational needs. Individuals take responsibility for decisions about their learning and work with others to achieve it.Figure The PRO Model of self-directed learningReading ArticlesReading is a means of lang uage acquisition, of communication, and of share information and ideas. Like all language, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the readers prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated. The reading process requires continuous practices, development, and refinement.Changing Methodology in LeadershipThis model around change leadership came to be when a man named Aaron Antonowsky was doing a health study. He study women and menopause in Israel and part of his study group were women who had been confined to concentration camps during the Second World War.Learning from Mistakes fair Mistakes that are avoidable but your sequence of decisions made inevitable. Having the power go out in the middle of your party because you forgot to pay the rent, or running out of beer at said party because you didnt anticipate the number of guests.Involved Mistakes are that are understood but require effo rt to prevent. Regularly is arriving late to work/friends, eating fast food for lunch every day, or going bankrupt at your start-up company because of your complete ignorance of basic accounting.Complex Mistakes that have obscure causes and no obvious way to avoid next time. Examples include making tough decisions that have bad results, relationships that fail, or other unpleasant or vapid outcomes to important things.Developing Leadership versus Recruiting as NeededThe concept of leadership competency development is discussed with an emphasis on the historical approaches versus contemporary requirements. Issues surrounding the public opinion of inherent leadership talent as compared with developing leadership capabilities are contrasted with the need for some systematic framework from which to address the leadership question.Council for Excelling in LeadershipThe Leadership Council is a group of business people who set aside a portion of their time to provide training and exchan ge ideas with both leaders and emerging leaders. The faculty is distinct, as they are business leaders themselves. They remain active in their respective industries and pursuits. As such, they deliver real-world, essential leadership skills to excelling individuals and organizations.Management Diagnostic ToolsA commercially available tool widely used internationally which covers an extensive range of management competences.Strengths A genuine self-diagnostic and management and leadership tool, giving clear recommendations for future development. Significant experience from elsewhere can be drawn on.Weaknesses Although various versions are available, the main MAP product can take up to 2 days to complete fully, involving in-depth discussions and reviews with trained facilitators. Costs are variable, depending on the numbers purchased and additional financial inducements some support agencies have provided.Leadership CompetenciesThere are five leadership competencies1. Creates a compe lling future2. Inspires others to achieve3. Learns and shares knowledge4. Demonstrates a passion for customers5. Delivers great performanceEmotional IntelligenceEmotional intelligence (EI) refers to the ability to perceive, control, and evaluate emotions. Some researchers suggest that emotional intelligence can be learned and strengthened, while other claim it is an inborn characteristic.Social Intelligence